The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | οὐ | not | ου | | | non | non | not | ܠܐ | not | Οὐ | not | ||||||
| — | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | enim | enim | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | ||||||
| — | συνῆκαν | they understood | συνηκαν | | | intellexarant | intellexerunt | they understood | ܐܤܬܟܠܘ | they understood | συνῆκαν | they understood | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | by | επι | | | de | de | by | ܗܘܘ | by | ἐπὶ | by | ||||||
| — | τοῖς | the | τοις | | | obtusum | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | the | ||||||
| — | ἄρτοις, | loaves, | αρτοις | | | panibus | panibus | loaves, | ܡܢ | loaves, | ἄρτοις | loaves, | ||||||
| — | ἀλλ᾽ | but | — | | | erat | erat | but | ܠܚܡܐ | but | ἦν | but | ||||||
| — | ἦν | were | ην | | | enim | enim | were | ܗܘ | were | γὰρ | were | ||||||
| — | αὐτῶν | of them | — | | | cor | cor | of them | ܡܛܠ | of them | αὐτῶν | of them | ||||||
| — | ἡ | the | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡ | the | ||||||
| — | καρδία | heart | καρδια | | | eorum | eorum | heart | ܕܠܒܗܘܢ | heart | καρδία | heart | ||||||
| — | πεπωρωμένη.¶ | hardened. | πεπωρωμενη | | | — | obcæcatum | hardened. | ܡܥܒܝ | hardened. | πεπωρωμένη | hardened. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 7:3 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||