The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP45 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | et | et | and | ܘܒܥܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
παρακαλειP45 | he begs | παρακαλεῖ | he begs | — | | | de | deprecabatur | he begs | ܗܘܐ | he begs | παρεκάλει | he begs | |||||
αυτονP45 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him | — | — | αὐτὸν | Him | |||||
πολλαP45 | much | πολλὰ | much | — | | | rogans | multum | much | ܡܢܗ | much | πολλά | much | |||||
λεγωνP45 | saying | λέγων | saying | — | | | dicens | dicens | saying | ܤܓܝ | saying | λέγων | saying | |||||
οτιP45 | that | ὅτι | that | — | | | tange | Quoniam | that | ܘܐܡܪ | that | ὅτι | that | |||||
τοP45 | The | τὸ | The | — | | | filia | — | — | — | — | Τὸ | The | |||||
θυγατριονP45 | little daughter | θυγάτριόν | little daughter | — | | | mea | mea | little daughter | ܠܗ | little daughter | θυγάτριόν | little daughter | |||||
μουP45 | of mine | μου | of mine | — | | | in | in | of mine | — | — | μου | of mine | |||||
εσχατωσP45 | at the end | ἐσχάτως | at the end | — | | | extremis | extremis | at the end | ܒܪܬܝ | at the end | ἐσχάτως | at the end | |||||
εχειP45 | is holding, | ἔχει, | is holding, | — | | | est | est | is holding, | ܒܝܫܐܝܬ | is holding, | ἔχει | is holding, | |||||
ιναP45 | that | ἵνα | that | — | | | ueni | veni | that | ܥܒܝܕܐ | that | ἵνα | that | |||||
ελθωνP45 | having come | ἐλθὼν | having come | — | | | — | impone | having come | — | — | ἐλθὼν | having come | |||||
επιθησP45 | may you lay | ἐπιθῇς | may you lay | — | | | manibus | manum | may you lay | ܬܐ | may you lay | ἐπιθῇς | may you lay | |||||
αυτωιP45 | the | τὰς | the | — | | | tuis | — | — | — | — | αὐτῇ | the | |||||
τασP45 | hands | χεῖρας | hands | — | | | eam | eam | hands | ܤܝܡ | hands | τὰς | hands | |||||
χειρασP45 | on her | αὐτῇ | on her | — | | | ut | ut | on her | ܐܝܕܟ | on her | χεῖρας | on her | |||||
ιναP45 | so that | ἵνα | so that | — | | | salba | salva | so that | ܥܠܝܗ | so that | ὅπως | so that | |||||
σωθηP45 | she may be cured | σωθῇ | she may be cured | — | | | tit | sit | she may be cured | — | — | σωθῇ | she may be cured | |||||
καιP45 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܬܬܚܠܡ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ζησηP45 | she may live. | ζήσῃ.¶ | she may live. | ζηση | | | uibat | vivat | she may live. | ܘܬܚܐ | she may live. | ζήσεται | she may live. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||