Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
		—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܐܡܪ	And	Καὶ	And
		—	λέγει	He says	—	\|	dixit	dicit	He says	ܕܝܢ	He says	λέγει	He says
		—	αὐτοῖς·	to them;	—	\|	ad	eis	to them;	ܐܦ	to them;	αὐτοῖς	to them;
		—	ἔξεστιν	Is it lawful	εξεστιν	\|	licet	Licet	Is it lawful	ܠܗܘܢ	Is it lawful	Ἔξεστιν	Is it lawful
		—	τοῖς	on the	τοις	\|	tacebant	—	—	—	—	τοῖς	on the
		—	σάββασιν	Sabbaths	σαββασιν	\|	sabbatis	sabbatis	Sabbaths	ܒܫܒܬܐ	Sabbaths	σάββασιν	Sabbaths
		—	ἀγαθὸν	good	αγαθον	\|	benefacere	benefacere	good	ܠܡܥܒܕ	good	ἀγαθοποιῆσαι	good
		—	ποιῆσαι	to do	ποιησαι	\|	aut	an	to do	ܕܛܒ	to do	ἢ	to do
		—	ἢ	or	η	\|	malefacere	—	—	—	—	κακοποιῆσαι	or
		—	κακοποιῆσαι,	to do evil?	κακοποιησαι	\|	animam	animam	to do evil?	ܕܒܝܫ	to do evil?	Ψυχὴν	to do evil?
		—	ψυχὴν	Life	ψυχην	\|	salbam	salvam	Life	ܢܦܫܐ	Life	σῶσαι	Life
		—	σῶσαι	to save	σωσαι	\|	facere	facere	to save	ܠܡܚܝܘ	to save	ἢ	to save
		—	ἢ	or	η	\|	magis	—	—	—	—	ἀποκτεῖναι	or
		—	ἀποκτεῖναι;	to kill?	—	\|	perdere	perdere	to kill?	ܠܡܘܒܕܘ	to kill?	Οἱ	to kill?
		—	οἱ	<the>	οι	\|	quam	—	—	—	—	δὲ	<the>
		—	δὲ	But	δε	\|	—	At	But	ܕܝܢ	but	ἐσιώπων	But
		—	ἐσιώπων.	they were silent.	εσιωπων	\|	illos	illi	they were silent.	ܫܬܝܩܝܢ	they were silent.	ἐσιώπων.	they were silent.
	Next Fragment: Mark 4:33
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
	—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܐܡܪ	And	Καὶ	And
	—	λέγει	He says	—	\|	dixit	dicit	He says	ܕܝܢ	He says	λέγει	He says
	—	αὐτοῖς·	to them;	—	\|	ad	eis	to them;	ܐܦ	to them;	αὐτοῖς	to them;
	—	ἔξεστιν	Is it lawful	εξεστιν	\|	licet	Licet	Is it lawful	ܠܗܘܢ	Is it lawful	Ἔξεστιν	Is it lawful
	—	τοῖς	on the	τοις	\|	tacebant	—	—	—	—	τοῖς	on the
	—	σάββασιν	Sabbaths	σαββασιν	\|	sabbatis	sabbatis	Sabbaths	ܒܫܒܬܐ	Sabbaths	σάββασιν	Sabbaths
	—	ἀγαθὸν	good	αγαθον	\|	benefacere	benefacere	good	ܠܡܥܒܕ	good	ἀγαθοποιῆσαι	good
	—	ποιῆσαι	to do	ποιησαι	\|	aut	an	to do	ܕܛܒ	to do	ἢ	to do
	—	ἢ	or	η	\|	malefacere	—	—	—	—	κακοποιῆσαι	or
	—	κακοποιῆσαι,	to do evil?	κακοποιησαι	\|	animam	animam	to do evil?	ܕܒܝܫ	to do evil?	Ψυχὴν	to do evil?
	—	ψυχὴν	Life	ψυχην	\|	salbam	salvam	Life	ܢܦܫܐ	Life	σῶσαι	Life
	—	σῶσαι	to save	σωσαι	\|	facere	facere	to save	ܠܡܚܝܘ	to save	ἢ	to save
	—	ἢ	or	η	\|	magis	—	—	—	—	ἀποκτεῖναι	or
	—	ἀποκτεῖναι;	to kill?	—	\|	perdere	perdere	to kill?	ܠܡܘܒܕܘ	to kill?	Οἱ	to kill?
	—	οἱ	<the>	οι	\|	quam	—	—	—	—	δὲ	<the>
	—	δὲ	But	δε	\|	—	At	But	ܕܝܢ	but	ἐσιώπων	But
	—	ἐσιώπων.	they were silent.	εσιωπων	\|	illos	illi	they were silent.	ܫܬܝܩܝܢ	they were silent.	ἐσιώπων.	they were silent.
Next Fragment: Mark 4:33
See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

—

καὶ

And

και

And

ܐܡܪ

And

Καὶ

And

—

λέγει

He says

—

dixit

dicit

He says

ܕܝܢ

He says

λέγει

He says

—

αὐτοῖς·

to them;

—

eis

to them;

ܐܦ

to them;

αὐτοῖς

to them;

—

ἔξεστιν

Is it lawful

εξεστιν

licet

Licet

Is it lawful

ܠܗܘܢ

Is it lawful

Ἔξεστιν

Is it lawful

—

τοῖς

on the

τοις

tacebant

—

τοῖς

on the

—

σάββασιν

Sabbaths

σαββασιν

sabbatis

Sabbaths

ܒܫܒܬܐ

Sabbaths

σάββασιν

Sabbaths

—

ἀγαθὸν

good

αγαθον

benefacere

good

ܠܡܥܒܕ

good

ἀγαθοποιῆσαι

good

—

ποιῆσαι

to do

ποιησαι

aut

to do

ܕܛܒ

to do

ἢ

to do

—

ἢ

malefacere

—

κακοποιῆσαι

—

κακοποιῆσαι,

to do evil?

κακοποιησαι

animam

to do evil?

ܕܒܝܫ

to do evil?

Ψυχὴν

to do evil?

—

ψυχὴν

Life

ψυχην

salbam

salvam

Life

ܢܦܫܐ

Life

σῶσαι

Life

—

σῶσαι

to save

σωσαι

facere

to save

ܠܡܚܝܘ

to save

ἢ

to save

—

ἢ

magis

—

ἀποκτεῖναι

—

ἀποκτεῖναι;

to kill?

—

perdere

to kill?

ܠܡܘܒܕܘ

to kill?

Οἱ

to kill?

—

οἱ

<the>

οι

quam

—

δὲ

<the>

—

δὲ

But

δε

—

But

ܕܝܢ

but

ἐσιώπων

But

—

ἐσιώπων.

they were silent.

εσιωπων

illos

illi

they were silent.

ܫܬܝܩܝܢ

they were silent.

ἐσιώπων.

they were silent.

Next Fragment: Mark 4:33

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Mark 3:4

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 3:4

Translation Lineage