The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
λεγειP66 · P75 | Says | Λέγει | Says | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | Dicit | says | ܐܡܪ | Says | Λέγει | Says | ||||||
προσP66 · P75 | to | πρὸς | to | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | ad | to | ܠܗ | to | πρὸς | to | ||||||
αυτονP66 · P75 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | eum | him | ܢܝܩܕܡܘܤ | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | ||||||
νικοδημοσP66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
πωσP66 · P75 | Nicodemus; | Νικόδημος· | Nicodemus; | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | Nicodemus | ? | — | — | Νικόδημος | Nicodemus; | ||||||
δυναταιP66 · P75 | How | πῶς | How | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | Quomodo | ? | ܐܝܟܢܐ | How | Πῶς | How | ||||||
γεννηθηναιP66 · P75 | is able | δύναται | is able | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | potest | ? | ܡܫܟܚ | is able | δύναται | is able | ||||||
ανθρωποσP66 · P75 | a man | ἄνθρωπος | a man | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | homo | ? | ܕܢܬܝܠܕ | a man | ἄνθρωπος | a man | ||||||
γερωνP66 · P75 | to be born | γεννηθῆναι | to be born | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | nasci | ? | ܓܒܪܐ | to be born | γεννηθῆναι | to be born | ||||||
ωνP66 · P75 | old | γέρων | old | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | cum | when/with | ܤܒܐ | old | γέρων | old | ||||||
μηP66 · P75 | being? | ὤν; | being? | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | sit | ? | — | — | ὤν | being? | ||||||
δυναταιP66 · P75 | Not | μὴ | Not | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | senex | ? | ܕܠܡܐ | Not | Μὴ | Not | ||||||
εισP66 · P75 | is he able | δύναται | is he able | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | numquid | ? | ܡܫܟܚ | is he able | δύναται | is he able | ||||||
τηνP66 · P75 | into | εἰς | into | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | potest | ? | ܬܘܒ | into | εἰς | into | ||||||
κοιλιανP66 · P75 | the | τὴν | the | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | ||||||
τησP66 · P75 | womb | κοιλίαν | womb | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | ventrem | ? | ܠܟܪܤܐ | womb | κοιλίαν | womb | ||||||
μητροσP66 · P75 | of the | τῆς | of the | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | — | — | — | — | τῆς | of the | ||||||
αυτουP66 · P75 | mother | μητρὸς | mother | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | matris | of the mother | ܕܐܡܗ | mother | μητρὸς | mother | ||||||
δευτερονP66 · P75 | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | su | ? | ܕܬܪܬܝܢ | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | ||||||
εισελθινP66 · P75 | a second time | δεύτερον | a second time | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | iterato | ? | — | — | δεύτερον | a second time | ||||||
καιP66 · P75 | to enter | εἰσελθεῖν | to enter | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | introire | ? | ܙܒܢܝܢ | to enter | εἰσελθεῖν | to enter | ||||||
γεννηθηναιP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | et | and | ܠܡܥܠ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
γεννηθῆναι;¶P66 · P75 | to be born? | γεννηθῆναι;¶ | to be born? | MS lacuna | MS lacuna | renasci | ? | ܘܢܬܝܠܕ | to be born? | γεννηθῆναι | to be born? | ||||||
| Next Verse Available | Resumes at 3:26 | ||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||