The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ὃς | Whoever | ος | | | quis | qui | Whoever | ܡܢ | Whoever | ὃς | Whoever | ||||||
| — | δ᾽ | however | — | | | autem | autem | however | ܕܝܢ | however | δ’ | however | ||||||
| — | ἂν | maybe | αν | | | blasphemauerit | blasphemaverit | maybe | ܕܢܓܕܦ | maybe | ἂν | maybe | ||||||
| — | βλασφημήσῃ | may blaspheme | βλασφημηση | | | in | in | may blaspheme | ܥܠ | may blaspheme | βλασφημήσῃ | may blaspheme | ||||||
| — | εἰς | against | — | | | spm | Spiritum | against | — | — | εἰς | against | ||||||
| — | τὸ | the | το | | | si | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | ||||||
| — | πνεῦμα | Spirit | πνα | | | sanctum | Sanctum | Spirit | ܪܘܚܐ | Spirit | πνεῦμα | Spirit | ||||||
| — | τὸ | <the> | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | <the> | ||||||
| — | ἅγιον, | Holy | αγιον | | | non | non | Holy | ܕܩܘܕܫܐ | Holy | ἅγιον | Holy | ||||||
| — | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | habet | habebit | not | ܠܝܬ | not | οὐκ | not | ||||||
| — | ἔχει | has | εχει | | | — | — | — | ܠܗ | has | ἔχει | has | ||||||
| — | ἄφεσιν | forgiveness | αφεσιν | | | remissionem | remissionem | forgiveness | ܫܘܒܩܢܐ | forgiveness | ἄφεσιν | forgiveness | ||||||
| — | εἰς | to | — | | | — | in | to | ܠܥܠܡ | to | εἰς | to | ||||||
| — | τὸν | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | ||||||
| — | αἰῶνα, | age, | — | | | — | æternum | age, | ܐܠܐ | age, | αἰῶνα | age, | ||||||
| — | ἀλλ᾽ | but | — | | | sed | sed | but | — | — | ἀλλ’ | but | ||||||
| — | ἔνοχός | guilty | — | | | reus | reus | guilty | ܡܚܝܒ | guilty | ἔνοχός | guilty | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | is | — | | | erit | erit | is | ܗܘ | is | ἐστιν | is | ||||||
| — | αἰωνίου | of eternal | αιωνιου | | | aeterni | æterni | of eternal | ܠܕܝܢܐ | of eternal | αἰωνίου | of eternal | ||||||
| — | ἁμαρτήματος· | sin; | — | | | delicti | delicti | sin; | ܕܠܥܠܡ | sin; | κρίσεως | sin; | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||