The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܒܗ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | εὐθὺς | immediately | — | | | statim | statim | immediately | ܒܫܥܬܐ | immediately | ἐκ | immediately | ||||||
| — | ἐκ | for | εκ | | | gallus | gallus | for | ܩܪܐ | for | δευτέρου | for | ||||||
| — | δευτέρου | the second time | δευτερου | | | secundo | iterum | the second time | ܬܪܢܓܠܐ | the second time | ἀλέκτωρ | the second time | ||||||
| — | ἀλέκτωρ | a rooster | αλεκτωρ | | | cantauit | cantavit | a rooster | — | — | ἐφώνησεν | a rooster | ||||||
| — | ἐφώνησεν, | crowed, | εφωνησεν | | | et | Et | crowed, | ܕܬܪܬܝܢ | crowed, | Καὶ | crowed, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | — | — | — | ܙܒܢܝܢ | And | ἀνεμνήσθη | And | ||||||
| — | ἀνεμνήσθη | remembered | ανεμνησθη | | | — | recordatus | remembered | ܘܐܬܕܟܪ | remembered | ὁ | remembered | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | Πέτρος | <the> | ||||||
| — | Πέτρος | Peter | πετρος | | | est | est | Peter | ܫܡܥܘܢ | Peter | τὸ | Peter | ||||||
| — | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | ῥῆμα | the | ||||||
| — | ῥῆμα | declaration | ρημα | | | petrus | Petrus | declaration | ܡܠܬܗ | declaration | ὃ | declaration | ||||||
| — | ὡς | was like | — | | | uerborum | verbi | was like | ܕܝܫܘܥ | was like | εἶπεν | was like | ||||||
| — | οὖ | which | — | | | quod | quod | which | ܕܐܡܪ | which | αὐτῷ | which | ||||||
| — | εἶπεν | had said | — | | | dixerat | dixerat | had said | — | — | ὁ | had said | ||||||
| — | αὐτῷ | to him | — | | | rememoratus | ei | to him | ܗܘܐ | to him | Ἰησοῦς | to him | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὅτι | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܠܗ | Jesus | Πρὶν | Jesus | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | that | — | | | — | Priusquam | that | ܕܩܕܡ | that | ἀλέκτορα | that | ||||||
| — | πρὶν | Before | — | | | — | gallus | Before | ܕܢܩܪܐ | Before | φωνῆσαι | Before | ||||||
| — | ἀλέκτορα | the rooster | — | | | — | cantet | the rooster | ܬܪܢܓܠܐ | the rooster | δίς | the rooster | ||||||
| — | φωνῆσαι | crowing | — | | | illi | bis | crowing | ܬܪܬܝܢ | crowing | ἀπαρνήσῃ | crowing | ||||||
| — | δίς, | twice | — | | | — | — | — | ܙܒܢܝܢ | twice | με | twice | ||||||
| — | τρίς | three times | — | | | — | ter | three times | ܬܠܬ | three times | τρίς | three times | ||||||
| — | με | Me | — | | | — | me | Me | — | — | Καὶ | Me | ||||||
| — | ἀπαρνήσῃ. | you will deny. | — | | | — | negabis | you will deny. | ܬܟܦܘܪ | you will deny. | ἐπιβαλὼν | you will deny. | ||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܒܝ | And | ἔκλαιεν | And | ||||||
| — | ἐπιβαλὼν | having broken down | — | | | coepit | cœpit | having broken down | ܘܫܪܝ | having broken down | ἐπιβαλὼν | having broken down | ||||||
| — | ἔκλαιεν.¶ | he was weeping. | — | | | flere | flere | he was weeping. | ܕܢܒܟܐ | he was weeping. | ἔκλαιεν.¶ | he was weeping. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||