The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | οἱ | <the> | οι | | | ad | — | — | — | — | Οἱ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | And | δε | | | praeceperat | Qui | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | ||||||
| — | εἶπαν | they spoke | — | | | dixerunt | dixerunt | they spoke | ܕܝܢ | they spoke | εἶπον | they spoke | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῖς | to them | — | | | — | eis | to them | ܐܡܪܘ | to them | αὐτοῖς | to them | ||||||
| — | καθὼς | even as | καθως | | | sicut | sicut | even as | ܠܗܘܢ | even as | καθὼς | even as | ||||||
| — | εἶπεν | had commanded | — | | | illis | præceperat | had commanded | ܐܝܟ | had commanded | ἐνετείλατο | had commanded | ||||||
| — | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | permiserunt | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | ||||||
| — | Ἰησοῦς, | Jesus, | — | | | illi | illis | Jesus, | ܕܦܩܕ | Jesus, | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus, | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | ihs | Jesus | and | ܐܢܘܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἀφῆκαν | they allowed | αφηκαν | | | et | et | they allowed | ܝܫܘܥ | they allowed | ἀφῆκαν | they allowed | ||||||
| — | αὐτούς. | them. | αυτους | | | illos | dimiserunt | them. | ܘܫܒܩܘ | them. | αὐτούς | them. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 11:27 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||