The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ειπενP45 · P75 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | dixit | Dixit | And | ܐܡܪ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
αυτωιP45 · P75 | said | εἶπεν | said | ειπεν | | | illi | illi | said | ܠܗ | said | εἶπεν | said | |||||
οP45 · P75 | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | αυτω | | | ihs | Jesus | to him | ܝܫܘܥ | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | |||||
ιηP45 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | cubilia | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
αιP45 · P75 | Jesus; | Ἰησοῦς· | Jesus; | — | | | uulpes | Vulpes | Jesus; | ܠܬܥܠܐ | Jesus; | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus; | |||||
αλωπεκεσP45 · P75 | The | αἱ | The | αι | | | — | — | — | — | — | Αἱ | The | |||||
φωλεουσP45 · P75 | foxes | ἀλώπεκες | foxes | αλωπεκες | | | — | foveas | foxes | ܢܩܥܐ | foxes | ἀλώπεκες | foxes | |||||
εχουσινP45 · P75 | holes | φωλεοὺς | holes | φωλεους | | | habent | habent | holes | ܐܝܬ | holes | φωλεοὺς | holes | |||||
καιP45 · P75 | have, | ἔχουσιν, | have, | εχουσιν | | | et | et | have, | ܠܗܘܢ | have, | ἔχουσιν | have, | |||||
ταP45 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | uolatilia | volucres | and | ܘܠܦܪܚܬܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
πετειναP45 · P75 | the | τὰ | the | τα | | | et | — | — | — | — | τὰ | the | |||||
τουP45 · P75 | birds | πετεινὰ | birds | πετεινα | | | — | cæli | birds | ܕܫܡܝܐ | birds | πετεινὰ | birds | |||||
ουρανουP45 · P75 | of the | τοῦ | of the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | of the | |||||
κατασκηνωσεισP45 · P75 | air | οὐρανοῦ | air | ουρανου | | | — | — | — | — | — | οὐρανοῦ | air | |||||
οP45 · P75 | nests; | κατασκηνώσεις· | nests; | κατασκηνωσεις | | | caeli | nidos | nests; | ܡܛܠܠܐ | nests; | κατασκηνώσεις | nests; | |||||
δεP45 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
υσP45 · P75 | but | δὲ | but | δε | | | filius | Filius | but | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | but | |||||
τουP45 · P75 | the Son | υἱὸς | the Son | ϋιος | | | autem | autem | the Son | ܕܝܢ | the Son | υἱὸς | the Son | |||||
ανθρωπουP45 · P75 | <the> | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | |||||
ουκP45 · P75 | of Man | ἀνθρώπου | of Man | ανθρωπου | | | hominis | hominis | of Man | ܕܐܢܫܐ | of Man | ἀνθρώπου | of Man | |||||
εχειP45 · P75 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | non | non | not | ܠܝܬ | not | οὐκ | not | |||||
πουP45 · P75 | has | ἔχει | has | εχει | | | habitacula | habet | has | ܠܗ | has | ἔχει | has | |||||
τηνP45 · P75 | where | ποῦ | where | που | | | ubi | ubi | where | ܐܝܟܐ | where | ποῦ | where | |||||
κεφαληνP45 · P75 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | habet | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
κλεινηP45 · P75 | head | κεφαλὴν | head | κεφαλην | | | caput | caput | head | ܕܢܤܡܘܟ | head | κεφαλὴν | head | |||||
κλίνῃ.¶P45 · P75 | He may lay. | κλίνῃ.¶ | He may lay. | κλεινη | | | reclinet | reclinet | He may lay. | ܪܫܗ | He may lay. | κλίνῃ | He may lay. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||