The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εγενετοP45 · P75 | It came to pass | Ἐγένετο | It came to pass | εγενετο | | | factum | Factum | ? | ܘܗܘܐ | It came to pass | Ἐγένετο | It came to pass | |||||
δεP45 · P75 | then | δὲ | then | δε | | | est | est | is | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | |||||
ενP45 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | autem | autem | but/however | ܕܟܕ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
τωιP45 · P75 | the | τῷ | the | τω | | | in | — | — | — | — | τῷ | the | |||||
συμπληρουσθαιP45 · P75 | completing | συμπληροῦσθαι | completing | — | | | conpleretur | dum | ? | — | — | συμπληροῦσθαι | completing | |||||
τασP45 · P75 | the | τὰς | the | τας | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰς | the | |||||
ημερασP45 · P75 | days | ἡμέρας | days | ημερας | | | adsumptionis | dies | day | ܡܬܡܠܝܢ | days | ἡμέρας | days | |||||
τησP45 · P75 | of the | τῆς | of the | της | | | uultum | — | — | — | — | τῆς | of the | |||||
αναλημψεωσP45 · P75 | ascension | ἀναλήμψεως | ascension | αναλημψεως | | | dies | assumptionis | ? | ܝܘܡܬܐ | ascension | ἀναλήψεως | ascension | |||||
αυτουP45 · P75 | of Him | αὐτοῦ | of Him | αυτου | | | — | ejus | ? | — | — | αὐτοῦ | of Him | |||||
καιP45 · P75 | that | καὶ | that | και | | | eius | et | and | ܕܤܘܠܩܗ | that | καὶ | that | |||||
αυτοσP45 · P75 | He himself | αὐτὸς | He himself | αυτος | | | et | ipse | himself/he | — | — | αὐτὸς | He himself | |||||
τοP45 · P75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | suum | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
προσωπονP45 · P75 | face | πρόσωπον | face | προσωπον | | | ipse | suam | his/her | ܐܬܩܢ | face | πρόσωπον | face | |||||
εστηρισενP45 · P75 | of him | αὐτοῦ | of him | αυτου | | | ut | firmavit | ? | — | — | αὐτοῦ | of him | |||||
τουP45 · P75 | steadfastly set | ἐστήρισεν | steadfastly set | — | | | — | ut | that/so that | ܦܪܨܘܦܗ | steadfastly set | ἐστήριξεν | steadfastly set | |||||
πορευεσθαιP45 · P75 | <the> | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | abiret | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | |||||
εισP45 · P75 | to go | πορεύεσθαι | to go | πορευεσθαι | | | firmauit | iret | ? | ܕܢܐܙܠ | to go | πορεύεσθαι | to go | |||||
ιερουσαλημP45 · P75 | to | εἰς | to | εις | | | ut | in | in | — | — | εἰς | to | |||||
Ἰερουσαλήμ.P45 · P75 | Jerusalem. | Ἰερουσαλήμ. | Jerusalem. | ϊερουσαλημ | | | hierusalem | Jerusalem | ? | ܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ | Jerusalem. | Ἱερουσαλήμ | Jerusalem. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||