The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP45 · P75 | And | καὶ | And | — | | | et | et | And | ܘܪܘܚܐ | And | καὶ | And | |||||
ιδουP45 · P75 | behold | ἰδοὺ | behold | — | | | accipit | ecce | behold | ܗܐ | behold | ἰδού | behold | |||||
πναP45 · P75 | a spirit | πνεῦμα | a spirit | — | | | spiritus | spiritus | a spirit | — | — | πνεῦμα | a spirit | |||||
λαμβανειP45 · P75 | takes | λαμβάνει | takes | λαμβανει | | | enim | apprehendit | takes | ܥܠܘܗܝ | takes | λαμβάνει | takes | |||||
αυτονP45 · P75 | him | αὐτὸν | him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | him | ܘܡܢ | him | αὐτόν | him | |||||
καιP45 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
εξαιφνησP45 · P75 | suddenly | ἐξαίφνης | suddenly | εξαιφνης | | | illum | subito | suddenly | ܫܠܝܐ | suddenly | ἐξαίφνης | suddenly | |||||
κραζειP45 · P75 | he cries out | κράζει | he cries out | — | | | desubito | clamat | he cries out | ܩܥܐ | he cries out | κράζει | he cries out | |||||
καιP45 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
σπαρασσειP45 · P75 | it throws into convulsions | σπαράσσει | it throws into convulsions | — | | | — | elidit | it throws into convulsions | ܘܡܚܪܩ | it throws into convulsions | σπαράσσει | it throws into convulsions | |||||
αυτονP45 · P75 | him | αὐτὸν | him | — | | | et | et | him | ܫܢܘܗܝ | him | αὐτὸν | him | |||||
μεταP45 · P75 | with | μετὰ | with | — | | | disrumpit | dissipat | with | — | — | μετὰ | with | |||||
αφρουP45 · P75 | foaming | ἀφροῦ | foaming | — | | | adlidit | eum | foaming | ܘܡܪܥܬ | foaming | ἀφροῦ | foaming | |||||
καιP45 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | cum | cum | and | ܘܠܡܚܤܢ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
μογισP45 · P75 | with difficulty | μόγις | with difficulty | μογις | | | spuma | spuma | with difficulty | — | — | μόγις | with difficulty | |||||
αποχωρειP45 · P75 | it departs | ἀποχωρεῖ | it departs | αποχωρει | | | recedet | et | it departs | ܦܪܩܐ | it departs | ἀποχωρεῖ | it departs | |||||
απP45 · P75 | from | ἀπ᾽ | from | απ | | | uix | vix | from | ܡܢܗ | from | ἀπ’ | from | |||||
αυτουP45 · P75 | him | αὐτοῦ | him | αυτου | | | ab | discedit | him | — | — | αὐτοῦ | him | |||||
συντριβονP45 · P75 | bruising | συντρῖβον | bruising | — | | | eo | dilanians | bruising | ܡܐ | bruising | συντρῖβον | bruising | |||||
αυτονP45 · P75 | him. | αὐτόν. | him. | αυτον | | | contribulat | eum | him. | ܕܫܚܩܬܗ | him. | αὐτόν | him. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||