The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εξηλθενP75 | Went out | ἐξῆλθεν | Went out | εξηλθεν | | | exiuit | Exiit | Went out | ܢܦܩ | Went out | Ἐξῆλθεν | Went out | |||||
οP75 | the one | ὁ | the one | ο | | | in | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the one | |||||
σπειρωνP75 | sowing | σπείρων | sowing | σπειρων | | | quidem | qui | sowing | — | — | σπείρων | sowing | |||||
τουP75 | <the> | τοῦ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | |||||
σπειραιP75 | to sow | σπεῖραι | to sow | σπειραι | | | seminator | seminat | to sow | ܙܪܘܥܐ | to sow | σπεῖραι | to sow | |||||
τονP75 | the | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
σπορονP75 | seed | σπόρον | seed | σπορον | | | seminare | seminare | seed | ܠܡܙܪܥ | seed | σπόρον | seed | |||||
αυτουP75 | of him; | αὐτοῦ· | of him; | αυτου | | | semen | semen | of him; | — | — | αὐτοῦ | of him; | |||||
καιP75 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | suum | suum | And | ܙܪܥܗ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
ενP75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | et | Et | in | ܘܟܕ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
τωP75 | the | τῷ | the | τω | | | quo | — | — | — | — | τῷ | the | |||||
σπειρεινP75 | sowing | σπείρειν | sowing | σπειρειν | | | — | dum | sowing | — | — | σπείρειν | sowing | |||||
αυτονP75 | of him | αὐτὸν | of him | — | | | seminat | seminat | of him | ܙܪܥ | of him | αὐτόν | of him | |||||
οP75 | some | ὃ | some | ο | | | aliut | — | — | — | — | ὃ | some | |||||
μενP75 | indeed | μὲν | indeed | μεν | | | — | cecidit | indeed | — | — | μὲν | indeed | |||||
επεσενP75 | fell | ἔπεσεν | fell | επεσεν | | | — | secus | fell | ܕܢܦܠ | fell | ἔπεσεν | fell | |||||
παραP75 | along | παρὰ | along | παρα | | | uiam | viam | along | ܥܠ | along | παρὰ | along | |||||
τηνP75 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | cedit | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
οδονP75 | road | ὁδὸν | road | οδον | | | et | et | road | — | — | ὁδόν | road | |||||
καιP75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | conculcatum | conculcatum | and | ܝܕ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
κατεπατηθηP75 | it was trampled upon, | κατεπατήθη, | it was trampled upon, | κατεπατηθη | | | est | est | it was trampled upon, | ܐܘܪܚܐ | it was trampled upon, | κατεπατήθη | it was trampled upon, | |||||
καιP75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
ταP75 | the | τὰ | the | τα | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὰ | the | |||||
πετειναP75 | birds | πετεινὰ | birds | πετεινα | | | uolatilia | volucres | birds | ܘܐܬܕܝܫ | birds | πετεινὰ | birds | |||||
τουP75 | of the | τοῦ | of the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | of the | |||||
ουρανουP75 | air | οὐρανοῦ | air | — | | | ad | cæli | air | ܘܐܟܠܬܗ | air | οὐρανοῦ | air | |||||
κατεφαγενP75 | devoured | κατέφαγεν | devoured | κατεφαγεν | | | comederunt | comederunt | devoured | — | — | κατέφαγεν | devoured | |||||
αυταP75 | it. | αὐτό. | it. | αυτο | | | illud | illud | it. | ܦܪܚܬܐ | it. | αὐτό | it. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||