The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
αλλαP75 | But | ἀλλὰ | But | αλλα | | | sed | Sed | But | ܐܠܐ | but | Ἀλλὰ | But | |||||
τιP75 | what | τί | what | τι | | | quid | quid | what | ܡܢܐ | what | τί | what | |||||
εξηλθατεP75 | have you gone out | ἐξήλθατε | have you gone out | εξηλθατε | | | existis | existis | have you gone out | ܢܦܩܬܘܢ | have you gone out | ἐξεληλύθατε | have you gone out | |||||
ιδεινP75 | to see? | ἰδεῖν; | to see? | ειδειν | | | uidere | videre | to see? | ܠܡܚܙܐ | to see? | ἰδεῖν | to see? | |||||
ανονP75 | A man | ἄνθρωπον | A man | ανθρωπον | | | hominem | hominem | A man | — | — | Ἄνθρωπον | A man | |||||
ενP75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | mollibus | mollibus | in | ܓܒܪܐ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
μαλακοισP75 | fine | μαλακοῖς | fine | μαλακοις | | | uestimentis | vestibus | fine | ܕܢܚܬܐ | fine | μαλακοῖς | fine | |||||
ιματιοισP75 | clothing | ἱματίοις | clothing | ϊματιοις | | | in | indutum | clothing | ܪܟܝܟܐ | clothing | ἱματίοις | clothing | |||||
ημφιεσμενονP75 | arrayed? | ἠμφιεσμένον; | arrayed? | ημφιεσμενον | | | ecce | Ecce | arrayed? | ܠܒܝܫ | arrayed? | ἠμφιεσμένον | arrayed? | |||||
ιδουP75 | Behold | ἰδοὺ | Behold | ϊδου | | | qui | qui | Behold | ܗܐ | behold | Ἰδού | Behold | |||||
οιP75 | those | οἱ | those | οι | | | sunt | — | — | — | — | οἱ | those | |||||
ενP75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܐܝܠܝܢ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
ιματισμωP75 | clothing | ἱματισμῷ | clothing | ιματισμω | | | uestitum | veste | clothing | ܕܒܠܒܘܫܐ | clothing | ἱματισμῷ | clothing | |||||
ενδοξωP75 | splendid | ἐνδόξῳ | splendid | ενδοξω | | | uestimentis | pretiosa | splendid | ܡܫܒܚܐ | splendid | ἐνδόξῳ | splendid | |||||
καιP75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | — | sunt | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
τρυφηP75 | in luxury | τρυφῇ | in luxury | τρυφη | | | et | et | in luxury | ܘܒܦܘܢܩܐ | in luxury | τρυφῇ | in luxury | |||||
υπαρχοντεσP75 | living | ὑπάρχοντες | living | — | | | gloriosis | deliciis | living | ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ | living | ὑπάρχοντες | living | |||||
ενP75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | aepulatione | in | in | ܒܝܬ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
τοισP75 | the | τοῖς | the | τοις | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | the | |||||
βασιλειοισP75 | palaces | βασιλείοις | palaces | βασιλειοις | | | agent | domibus | palaces | ܡܠܟܐ | palaces | βασιλείοις | palaces | |||||
εισινP75 | are. | εἰσίν. | are. | εισιν | | | regibus | regum | are. | ܐܢܘܢ | are. | εἰσίν | are. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||