The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ωσP75 | As | ὡς | As | — | | | cum | Cum | As | ܘܟܕ | As | Ὡς | As | |||||
δεP75 | then | δὲ | then | δε | | | autem | autem | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | |||||
ηγγισενP75 | He drew near | ἤγγισεν | He drew near | — | | | factum | appropinquaret | He drew near | ܠܬܪܥܐ | He drew near | ἤγγισεν | He drew near | |||||
τηP75 | to the | τῇ | to the | τη | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῇ | to the | |||||
πυληP75 | gate | πύλῃ | gate | πυλη | | | porte | portæ | gate | — | — | πύλῃ | gate | |||||
τησP75 | of the | τῆς | of the | της | | | est | — | — | — | — | τῆς | of the | |||||
πολεωσP75 | town, | πόλεως, | town, | πολεως | | | ciuitatis | civitatis | town, | ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ | town, | πόλεως | town, | |||||
καιP75 | also | καὶ | also | — | | | ut | ecce | also | ܚܙܐ | also | καὶ | also | |||||
ιδουP75 | behold | ἰδοὺ | behold | — | | | — | — | — | ܗܐ | behold | ἰδού | behold | |||||
εξεκομιζετοP75 | was being carried out | ἐξεκομίζετο | was being carried out | εξεκομιζετο | | | adpropiaret | defunctus | was being carried out | ܡܠܘܝܢ | was being carried out | ἐξεκομίζετο | was being carried out | |||||
τεθνηκωσP75 | one having died | τεθνηκὼς | one having died | τεθνηκως | | | ferebatur | efferebatur | one having died | ܡܝܬܐ | one having died | τεθνηκώς | one having died | |||||
μονογενησP75 | only begotten | μονογενὴς | only begotten | — | | | filius | filius | only begotten | — | — | υἱὸς | only begotten | |||||
υιοσP75 | son | υἱὸς | son | ϋιος | | | unicus | unicus | son | ܕܝܚܝܕܝܐ | son | μονογενὴς | son | |||||
τηP75 | from the | τῇ | from the | τη | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῇ | from the | |||||
μητριP75 | mother | μητρὶ | mother | μητρι | | | matri | matris | mother | ܗܘܐ | mother | μητρὶ | mother | |||||
αυτουP75 | of him, | αὐτοῦ, | of him, | αυτου | | | suae | suæ | of him, | ܠܐܡܗ | of him, | αὐτοῦ | of him, | |||||
καιP75 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | et | et | and | ܘܗܝ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
αυτηP75 | she | αὐτὴ | she | — | | | mortuum | hæc | she | — | — | αὐτὴ | she | |||||
ηνP75 | was | ἦν | was | — | | | uidua | vidua | was | ܐܡܗ | was | χήρα | was | |||||
χηραP75 | a widow; | χήρα· | a widow; | χηρα | | | erat | erat | a widow; | ܐܪܡܠܬܐ | a widow; | καὶ | a widow; | |||||
καιP75 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | esset | — | — | ܗܘܬ | And | ὄχλος | And | |||||
οχλοσP75 | a crowd | ὄχλος | a crowd | οχλος | | | et | et | a crowd | ܘܟܢܫܐ | a crowd | τῆς | a crowd | |||||
τησP75 | of the | τῆς | of the | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | πόλεως | of the | |||||
πολεωσP75 | town | πόλεως | town | πολεως | | | populus | turba | town | ܤܓܝܐܐ | town | ἱκανὸς | town | |||||
ικανοσP75 | considerable | ἱκανὸς | considerable | — | | | ciuitatis | civitatis | considerable | — | — | σὺν | considerable | |||||
ηνP75 | was | ἦν | was | — | | | multus | multa | was | ܕܒܢܝ | was | αὐτῇ | was | |||||
συνP75 | with | σὺν | with | — | | | cum | cum | with | ܡܕܝܢܬܐ | with | σὺν | with | |||||
αυτηP75 | her. | αὐτῇ. | her. | αυτη | | | ea | illa | her. | ܥܡܗ | her. | αὐτῇ. | her. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||