The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP4 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܢܚܬܬ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
καταβηναιP4 · P75 | descending | καταβῆναι | descending | καταβηναι | | | descendere | descendit | descending | ܪܘܚܐ | descending | καταβῆναι | descending | |||||
τοP4 · P75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | figura | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
πναP4 · P75 | Spirit | πνεῦμα | Spirit | πνευμα | | | spm | Spiritus | Spirit | — | — | πνεῦμα | Spirit | |||||
τοP4 · P75 | <the> | τὸ | <the> | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | <the> | |||||
αγιονP4 · P75 | Holy | ἅγιον | Holy | αγιον | | | sanctum | Sanctus | Holy | ܕܩܘܕܫܐ | Holy | ἅγιον | Holy | |||||
πνικωP4 · P75 | in a bodily | σωματικῷ | in a bodily | σωματικω | | | corporali | corporali | in a bodily | ܥܠܘܗܝ | in a bodily | σωματικῷ | in a bodily | |||||
ειδειP4 · P75 | form | εἴδει | form | ειδει | | | quasi | specie | form | ܒܕܡܘܬ | form | εἴδει | form | |||||
ωσP4 · P75 | as | ὡς | as | ως | | | eum | sicut | as | — | — | ὡσεὶ | as | |||||
περιστεραP4 · P75 | a dove | περιστερὰν | a dove | περιστεραν | | | columbam | columba | a dove | ܓܘܫܡܐ | a dove | περιστερὰν | a dove | |||||
επP4 · P75 | upon | ἐπ᾽ | upon | — | | | in | in | upon | ܕܝܘܢܐ | upon | ἐπ’ | upon | |||||
αυτονP4 · P75 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | — | ipsum | Him | ܘܩܠܐ | Him | αὐτόν | Him | |||||
καιP4 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
φωνηνP4 · P75 | a voice | φωνὴν | a voice | φωνην | | | uocem | vox | a voice | ܗܘܐ | a voice | φωνὴν | a voice | |||||
εξP4 · P75 | out of | ἐξ | out of | — | | | de | de | out of | ܡܢ | out of | ἐξ | out of | |||||
ουρανουP4 · P75 | heaven | οὐρανοῦ | heaven | ουρανου | | | — | cælo | heaven | — | — | οὐρανοῦ | heaven | |||||
γενεσθαιP4 · P75 | coming | γενέσθαι | coming | γενεσθαι | | | factam | facta | coming | ܫܡܝܐ | coming | γενέσθαι | coming | |||||
συP4 · P75 | saying: | λέγουσαν· | saying: | — | | | es | est | saying: | ܕܐܡܪ | saying: | λέγουσαν | saying: | |||||
ειP4 · P75 | You yourself | σὺ | You yourself | — | | | tu | Tu | You yourself | ܐܢܬ | You yourself | Σὺ | You yourself | |||||
οP4 · P75 | are | εἶ | are | — | | | caelo | es | are | — | — | εἶ | are | |||||
υιοσP4 · P75 | the | ὁ | the | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
μουP4 · P75 | Son | υἱός | Son | ϋιος | | | filius | filius | Son | ܗܘ | Son | υἱός | Son | |||||
οP4 · P75 | of Mine | μου | of Mine | μου | | | meus | meus | of Mine | ܒܪܝ | of Mine | μου | of Mine | |||||
αγαπητοσP4 · P75 | the | ὁ | the | — | | | ego | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
ενP4 · P75 | beloved, | ἀγαπητός, | beloved, | — | | | hodie | dilectus | beloved, | ܚܒܝܒܐ | beloved, | ἀγαπητός | beloved, | |||||
σοιP4 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | — | | | — | in | in | — | — | ἐν | in | |||||
ευδοκησαP4 · P75 | You | σοὶ | You | — | | | te | te | You | ܕܒܟ | You | σοὶ | You | |||||
εὐδόκησα.¶P4 · P75 | I am well pleased. | εὐδόκησα.¶ | I am well pleased. | — | | | genui | complacui | I am well pleased. | ܐܨܛܒܝܬ | I am well pleased. | εὐδόκησα | I am well pleased. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||