The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | Et | and | ܘܚܢܢ | and | Καὶ | and | |||||
ημεισP75 | we ourselves | ἡμεῖς | we ourselves | ημεις | | | nos | nos | we ourselves | ܟܐܢܐܝܬ | we ourselves | ἡμεῖς | we ourselves | |||||
μενP75 | indeed | μὲν | indeed | μεν | | | quidem | quidem | indeed | ܐܝܟ | indeed | μὲν | indeed | |||||
δικαιωσP75 | justly, | δικαίως, | justly, | δικαιως | | | iuste | juste | justly, | ܕܫܘܝܢ | justly, | δικαίως | justly, | |||||
αξιαP75 | Worthy | ἄξια | Worthy | αξια | | | sumus | nam | Worthy | ܗܘܝܢ | Worthy | ἄξια | Worthy | |||||
γαρP75 | for | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | digne | digna | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | |||||
ωνP75 | of what | ὧν | of what | ων | | | et | — | — | ܘܐܝܟ | of what | ὧν | of what | |||||
επραξαμενP75 | we did | ἐπράξαμεν | we did | επραξαμεν | | | enim | factis | we did | ܕܥܒܕܢ | we did | ἐπράξαμεν | we did | |||||
απολαμβανομενP75 | we are receiving; | ἀπολαμβάνομεν· | we are receiving; | απολαμβανομεν | | | recipimus | recipimus | we are receiving; | ܐܬܦܪܥܢ | we are receiving; | ἀπολαμβάνομεν | we are receiving; | |||||
ουτοσP75 | this man | οὗτος | this man | ουτος | | | hic | hic | this man | ܗܢܐ | this man | οὗτος | this man | |||||
δεP75 | however | δὲ | however | δε | | | quod | vero | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | |||||
ουδενP75 | no thing | οὐδὲν | no thing | ουδεν | | | nihil | nihil | no thing | ܡܕܡ | no thing | οὐδὲν | no thing | |||||
ατοπονP75 | wrong | ἄτοπον | wrong | — | | | — | mali | wrong | ܕܤܢܐ | wrong | ἄτοπον | wrong | |||||
επραξενP75 | did. | ἔπραξεν. | did. | επραξεν | | | — | gessit | did. | ܠܐ | did. | ἔπραξεν | did. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||