The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
οP75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | homine | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | <the> | |||||
δεP75 | And | δὲ | And | δε | | | dixit | Ait | And | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | |||||
πειλατοσP75 | Pilate | Πιλᾶτος | Pilate | πειλατος | | | autem | autem | Pilate | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | Pilate | Πιλάτος | Pilate | |||||
ειπενP75 | said | εἶπεν | said | ειπεν | | | pilatus | Pilatus | said | ܠܪܒܝ | said | εἶπεν | said | |||||
προσP75 | to | πρὸς | to | προς | | | ad | ad | to | ܟܗܢܐ | to | πρὸς | to | |||||
τουσP75 | the | τοὺς | the | τους | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | |||||
αρχιερεισP75 | chief priests | ἀρχιερεῖς | chief priests | αρχιερεις | | | principes | principes | chief priests | ܘܠܟܢܫܐ | chief priests | ἀρχιερεῖς | chief priests | |||||
καιP75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | sacerdotum | sacerdotum | and | ܐܢܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
τουσP75 | the | τοὺς | the | τους | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | the | |||||
οχλουσP75 | crowds; | ὄχλους· | crowds; | οχλους | | | et | et | crowds; | ܡܕܡ | crowds; | ὄχλους | crowds; | |||||
ουδενP75 | No thing | οὐδὲν | No thing | ουδεν | | | turbas | turbas | No thing | ܥܠܬܐ | No thing | Οὐδὲν | No thing | |||||
ευρισκωP75 | find I | εὑρίσκω | find I | ευρισκω | | | nihil | Nihil | find I | ܠܐ | find I | εὑρίσκω | find I | |||||
αιτιονP75 | guilty | αἴτιον | guilty | αιτιον | | | inuenio | invenio | guilty | ܡܫܟܚ | guilty | αἴτιον | guilty | |||||
ενP75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | causae | causæ | in | ܐܢܐ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
τωP75 | <the> | τῷ | <the> | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῷ | <the> | |||||
ανωP75 | man | ἀνθρώπῳ | man | ανθρωπω | | | in | in | man | ܥܠ | man | ἀνθρώπῳ | man | |||||
τουτωP75 | this. | τούτῳ. | this. | τουτω | | | hoc | hoc | this. | ܓܒܪܐ | this. | τούτῳ | this. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||