The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ειπενP75 | Said | εἶπεν | Said | ειπεν | | | dixit | Dixit | Said | ܘܐܡܪ | Said | Εἶπεν | Said | |||||
δεP75 | then | δὲ | then | δε | | | autem | autem | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | |||||
ισP75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | eum | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
προσP75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ad | ad | Jesus | ܠܗܢܘܢ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
τουσP75 | to | πρὸς | to | προς | | | eos | eos | to | ܕܐܬܘ | to | πρὸς | to | |||||
παραγενομενουσP75 | those | τοὺς | those | τους | | | qui | — | — | — | — | τοὺς | those | |||||
επP75 | having come out | παραγενομένους | having come out | παραγενομενους | | | praepositos | venerant | having come out | ܥܠܘܗܝ | having come out | παραγενομένους | having come out | |||||
αυτονP75 | against | ἐπ᾽ | against | επ | | | aduenerant | ad | against | — | — | ἐπ’ | against | |||||
αρχιερεισP75 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | — | se | Him | ܪܒܝ | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | |||||
καιP75 | chief priests | ἀρχιερεῖς | chief priests | αρχιερεις | | | principes | principes | chief priests | ܟܗܢܐ | chief priests | ἀρχιερεῖς | chief priests | |||||
στρατηγουσP75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | sacerdotum | sacerdotum | and | ܘܩܫܝܫܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
τουP75 | captains | στρατηγοὺς | captains | στρατηγους | | | et | et | captains | ܘܪܒܝ | captains | στρατηγοὺς | captains | |||||
ιερουP75 | of the | τοῦ | of the | του | | | populi | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | of the | |||||
καιP75 | temple | ἱεροῦ | temple | — | | | sicut | templi | temple | ܚܝܠܐ | temple | ἱεροῦ | temple | |||||
πρεσβυτερουσP75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܕܗܝܟܠܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ωσP75 | elders; | πρεσβυτέρους· | elders; | πρεσβυτερους | | | seniores | seniores | elders; | ܐܝܟ | elders; | πρεσβυτέρους | elders; | |||||
επιP75 | As | ὡς | As | ως | | | ad | Quasi | As | ܕܥܠ | As | Ὡς | As | |||||
ληστηνP75 | against | ἐπὶ | against | επι | | | ad | ad | against | ܠܤܛܝܐ | against | ἐπὶ | against | |||||
εξηλθατεP75 | a robber | λῃστὴν | a robber | ληστην | | | latronem | latronem | a robber | — | — | λῃστὴν | a robber | |||||
μεταP75 | have you come out | ἐξήλθατε | have you come out | εξηλθατε | | | existis | existis | have you come out | ܢܦܩܬܘܢ | have you come out | ἐξεληλύθατε | have you come out | |||||
μαχαιρωνP75 | with | μετὰ | with | μετα | | | cum | cum | with | ܥܠܝ | with | μετὰ | with | |||||
καιP75 | swords | μαχαιρῶν | swords | μαχαιρων | | | gladiis | gladiis | swords | ܒܤܝܦܐ | swords | μαχαιρῶν | swords | |||||
ξυλωνP75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܒܚܘܛܪܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ξύλων;P75 | clubs? | ξύλων; | clubs? | ξυλων | | | fustibus | fustibus | clubs? | ܕܬܐܚܕܘܢܢܝ | clubs? | ξύλων | clubs? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||