The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP75 | And | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܢܦܩ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
εξελθωνP75 | having gone forth | ἐξελθὼν | having gone forth | εξελθων | | | exiens | egressus | having gone forth | ܘܐܙܠ | having gone forth | ἐξελθὼν | having gone forth | |||||
επορευθηP75 | He went | ἐπορεύθη | He went | — | | | ibat | ibat | He went | ܐܝܟ | He went | ἐπορεύθη | He went | |||||
καταP75 | according to | κατὰ | according to | κατα | | | secundum | secundum | according to | — | — | κατὰ | according to | |||||
τοP75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
εθοσP75 | custom | ἔθος | custom | εθος | | | consuetudinem | consuetudinem | custom | ܕܡܥܕ | custom | ἔθος | custom | |||||
εισP75 | to | εἰς | to | εις | | | in | in | to | ܗܘܐ | to | εἰς | to | |||||
τοP75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
οροσP75 | Mount | ὄρος | Mount | ορος | | | montem | monte | Mount | ܠܛܘܪܐ | Mount | ὄρος | Mount | |||||
τωνP75 | <the> | τῶν | <the> | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | <the> | |||||
ελαιωνP75 | of Olives. | ἐλαιῶν. | of Olives. | ελαιων | | | oliueti | Olivarum | of Olives. | ܕܒܝܬ | of Olives. | Ἐλαιῶν | of Olives. | |||||
ηκολουθησανP75 | followed | ἠκολούθησαν | followed | ηκολουθησαν | | | secuti | Secuti | followed | ܙܝܬܐ | followed | ἠκολούθησαν | followed | |||||
δεP75 | then | δὲ | then | δε | | | sunt | sunt | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | |||||
αυτωP75 | Him | αὐτῷ | Him | αυτω | | | autem | autem | Him | — | — | αὐτῷ | Him | |||||
καιP75 | also | καὶ | also | και | | | — | illum | also | ܒܬܪܗ | also | καὶ | also | |||||
οιP75 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | eum | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
μαθηταιP75 | disciples | μαθηταί | disciples | μαθηται | | | et | et | disciples | ܐܦ | disciples | μαθηταὶ | disciples | |||||
αὐτοῦ.P75 | of him. | αὐτοῦ. | of him. | — | | | discipuli | discipuli | of him. | ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ | of him. | αὐτοῦ | of him. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||