Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
		—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܗܐ	And	Καὶ	And
		—	ἰδού	behold	ϊδου	\|	ecce	ecce	behold	ܗܐ	behold	ἰδού	behold
		—	ἄγγελος	an angel	αγγελος	\|	angelus	angelus	an angel	—	—	ἄγγελος	an angel
		—	κυρίου	of the Lord	κυ	\|	dmi	Domini	of the Lord	ܕܐܠܗܐ	of the Lord	κυρίου	of the Lord
		—	ἐπέστη	stood by	επεστη	\|	adstitit	stetit	stood by	ܐܬܐ	stood by	ἐπέστη	stood by
		—	αὐτοῖς,	them,	αυτοις	\|	eis	juxta	them,	ܠܘܬܗܘܢ	them,	αὐτοῖς	them,
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	—	illos	and	ܘܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ	and	καὶ	and
		—	δόξα	the glory	δοξα	\|	et	et	the glory	—	—	δόξα	the glory
		—	κυρίου	of the Lord	—	\|	gloria	claritas	of the Lord	ܕܡܪܝܐ	of the Lord	κυρίου	of the Lord
		—	περιέλαμψεν	shone around	περιελαμψεν	\|	eis	Dei	shone around	ܐܢܗܪܬ	shone around	περιέλαμψεν	shone around
		—	αὐτούς,	them,	αυτους	\|	circumluxit	circumfulsit	them,	ܥܠܝܗܘܢ	them,	αὐτούς	them,
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	magnum	illos	and	ܘܕܚܠܘ	and	καὶ	and
		—	ἐφοβήθησαν	they feared	εφοβηθησαν	\|	et	et	they feared	—	—	ἐφοβήθησαν	they feared
		—	φόβον	with fear	φοβον	\|	timuerunt	timuerunt	with fear	ܕܚܠܬܐ	with fear	φόβον	with fear
		—	μέγαν.	great.	μεγαν	\|	timorem	timore	great.	ܪܒܬܐ	great.	μέγαν	great.
	Next Fragment: Luke 2:29
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
	—	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܗܐ	And	Καὶ	And
	—	ἰδού	behold	ϊδου	\|	ecce	ecce	behold	ܗܐ	behold	ἰδού	behold
	—	ἄγγελος	an angel	αγγελος	\|	angelus	angelus	an angel	—	—	ἄγγελος	an angel
	—	κυρίου	of the Lord	κυ	\|	dmi	Domini	of the Lord	ܕܐܠܗܐ	of the Lord	κυρίου	of the Lord
	—	ἐπέστη	stood by	επεστη	\|	adstitit	stetit	stood by	ܐܬܐ	stood by	ἐπέστη	stood by
	—	αὐτοῖς,	them,	αυτοις	\|	eis	juxta	them,	ܠܘܬܗܘܢ	them,	αὐτοῖς	them,
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	—	illos	and	ܘܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ	and	καὶ	and
	—	δόξα	the glory	δοξα	\|	et	et	the glory	—	—	δόξα	the glory
	—	κυρίου	of the Lord	—	\|	gloria	claritas	of the Lord	ܕܡܪܝܐ	of the Lord	κυρίου	of the Lord
	—	περιέλαμψεν	shone around	περιελαμψεν	\|	eis	Dei	shone around	ܐܢܗܪܬ	shone around	περιέλαμψεν	shone around
	—	αὐτούς,	them,	αυτους	\|	circumluxit	circumfulsit	them,	ܥܠܝܗܘܢ	them,	αὐτούς	them,
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	magnum	illos	and	ܘܕܚܠܘ	and	καὶ	and
	—	ἐφοβήθησαν	they feared	εφοβηθησαν	\|	et	et	they feared	—	—	ἐφοβήθησαν	they feared
	—	φόβον	with fear	φοβον	\|	timuerunt	timuerunt	with fear	ܕܚܠܬܐ	with fear	φόβον	with fear
	—	μέγαν.	great.	μεγαν	\|	timorem	timore	great.	ܪܒܬܐ	great.	μέγαν	great.
Next Fragment: Luke 2:29
See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

—

καὶ

And

και

And

ܘܗܐ

And

Καὶ

And

—

ἰδού

behold

ϊδου

ecce

behold

ܗܐ

behold

ἰδού

behold

—

ἄγγελος

an angel

αγγελος

angelus

an angel

—

ἄγγελος

an angel

—

κυρίου

of the Lord

κυ

dmi

Domini

of the Lord

ܕܐܠܗܐ

of the Lord

κυρίου

of the Lord

—

ἐπέστη

stood by

επεστη

adstitit

stetit

stood by

ܐܬܐ

stood by

ἐπέστη

stood by

—

αὐτοῖς,

them,

αυτοις

eis

juxta

them,

ܠܘܬܗܘܢ

them,

αὐτοῖς

them,

—

καὶ

and

και

—

illos

and

ܘܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ

and

καὶ

and

—

δόξα

the glory

δοξα

the glory

—

δόξα

the glory

—

κυρίου

of the Lord

—

gloria

claritas

of the Lord

ܕܡܪܝܐ

of the Lord

κυρίου

of the Lord

—

περιέλαμψεν

shone around

περιελαμψεν

eis

Dei

shone around

ܐܢܗܪܬ

shone around

περιέλαμψεν

shone around

—

αὐτούς,

them,

αυτους

circumluxit

circumfulsit

them,

ܥܠܝܗܘܢ

them,

αὐτούς

them,

—

καὶ

and

και

magnum

illos

and

ܘܕܚܠܘ

and

καὶ

and

—

ἐφοβήθησαν

they feared

εφοβηθησαν

they feared

—

ἐφοβήθησαν

they feared

—

φόβον

with fear

φοβον

timuerunt

with fear

ܕܚܠܬܐ

with fear

φόβον

with fear

—

μέγαν.

great.

μεγαν

timorem

timore

great.

ܪܒܬܐ

great.

μέγαν

great.

Next Fragment: Luke 2:29

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Luke 2:9

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Luke 2:9

Translation Lineage