The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Οἱ | <the> | οι | | | qui | — | — | — | — | Οἱ | <the> | ||||||
| — | δὲ | And | δε | | | autem | Qui | who/which | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | And | ||||||
| — | ἀκούσαντες | having heard | ακουσαν | | | audientes | cum | when/with | ܕܝܢ | having heard | ἀκούσαντες | having heard | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | ||||||
| — | βασιλέως | king | βασιλεως | | | regem | audissent | ? | ܟܕ | king | βασιλέως | king | ||||||
| — | ἐπορεύθησαν. | they went away. | επορευθησαν | | | abierunt | regem | king | ܫܡܥܘ | they went away. | ἐπορεύθησαν | they went away. | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | abierunt | ? | ܡܢ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἰδοὺ | behold | ϊδου | | | ecce | et | and | ܗܐ | behold | ἰδού | behold | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | praecedebat | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | ἀστὴρ | star | αστηρ | | | stella | ecce | behold | ܐܙܠܘ | star | ἀστήρ | star | ||||||
| — | ὃν | which | ον | | | quam | stella | ? | ܘܗܐ | which | ὃν | which | ||||||
| — | εἶδον | they saw | ειδον | | | uiderant | quam | ? | ܟܘܟܒܐ | they saw | εἶδον | they saw | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | viderant | ? | ܗܘ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | τῇ | the | τη | | | — | in | in | — | — | τῇ | the | ||||||
| — | ἀνατολῇ | east | ανατολη | | | oriente | oriente | ? | ܕܚܙܘ | east | ἀνατολῇ | east | ||||||
| — | προῆγεν | was going before | προηγεν | | | donec | antecedebat | ? | ܒܡܕܢܚܐ | was going before | προῆγεν | was going before | ||||||
| — | αὐτοὺς | them | αυτους | | | eos | eos | them | ܐܙܠ | them | αὐτούς | them | ||||||
| — | ἕως | until | εως | | | — | usque | until/even | ܗܘܐ | until | ἕως | until | ||||||
| — | ἐλθὼν | having arrived | ελθων | | | uenit | dum | ? | ܩܕܡܝܗܘܢ | having arrived | ἐλθὼν | having arrived | ||||||
| — | ἐστάθη | it was stood | εσταθη | | | — | veniens | ? | ܥܕܡܐ | it was stood | ἔστη | it was stood | ||||||
| — | ἐπάνω | over | επανω | | | supra | staret | ? | ܕܐܬܐ | over | ἐπάνω | over | ||||||
| — | οὗ | where | — | | | et | supra | above | ܩܡ | where | οὗ | where | ||||||
| — | ἦν | was | — | | | — | ubi | ? | ܠܥܠ | was | ἦν | was | ||||||
| — | τὸ | the | — | | | stetit | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | ||||||
| — | παιδίον. | Child. | — | | | puerum | puer | ? | ܡܢ | Child. | παιδίον | Child. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Matt 2:13 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||