Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
		—	Καὶ	And	—	\|	et	Et	And	ܪܥܘܬܐ	And	Καὶ	And
		—	ποιμένες	shepherds	ποιμενες	\|	pastores	pastores	shepherds	ܕܝܢ	shepherds	ποιμένες	shepherds
		—	ἦσαν	were	ησαν	\|	erant	erant	were	ܐܝܬ	were	ἦσαν	were
		—	ἐν	in	εν	\|	in	in	in	ܗܘܘ	in	ἐν	in
		—	τῇ	the	τη	\|	autem	—	—	—	—	τῇ	the
		—	χώρᾳ	region	—	\|	regione	regione	region	ܒܗ	region	χώρᾳ	region
		—	τῇ	<the>	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῇ	<the>
		—	αὐτῇ	same	—	\|	illa	eadem	same	ܒܐܬܪܐ	same	αὐτῇ	same
		—	ἀγραυλοῦντες	lodging in the fields	αγραυλουντες	\|	—	vigilantes	lodging in the fields	ܕܫܪܝܢ	lodging in the fields	ἀγραυλοῦντες	lodging in the fields
		—	καὶ	and	και	\|	cantantes	et	and	ܗܘܘ	and	καὶ	and
		—	φυλάσσοντες	keeping	φυλασσοντες	\|	custodientes	custodientes	keeping	ܬܡܢ	keeping	φυλάσσοντες	keeping
		—	φυλακὰς	watch	φυλακας	\|	custodias	vigilias	watch	ܘܢܛܪܝܢ	watch	φυλακὰς	watch
		—	τῆς	<the>	της	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῆς	<the>
		—	νυκτὸς	by night	νυκτος	\|	noctis	noctis	by night	ܡܛܪܬܐ	by night	νυκτὸς	by night
		—	ἐπὶ	over	επι	\|	super	super	over	ܕܠܠܝܐ	over	ἐπὶ	over
		—	τὴν	the	την	\|	pascua	—	—	—	—	τὴν	the
		—	ποίμνην	flock	ποιμνην	\|	—	gregem	flock	ܥܠ	flock	ποίμνην	flock
		—	αὐτῶν.	of them.	αυτων	\|	sua	suum	of them.	ܡܪܥܝܬܗܘܢ	of them.	αὐτῶν	of them.
	Next Fragment: Luke 2:29
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
	—	Καὶ	And	—	\|	et	Et	And	ܪܥܘܬܐ	And	Καὶ	And
	—	ποιμένες	shepherds	ποιμενες	\|	pastores	pastores	shepherds	ܕܝܢ	shepherds	ποιμένες	shepherds
	—	ἦσαν	were	ησαν	\|	erant	erant	were	ܐܝܬ	were	ἦσαν	were
	—	ἐν	in	εν	\|	in	in	in	ܗܘܘ	in	ἐν	in
	—	τῇ	the	τη	\|	autem	—	—	—	—	τῇ	the
	—	χώρᾳ	region	—	\|	regione	regione	region	ܒܗ	region	χώρᾳ	region
	—	τῇ	<the>	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῇ	<the>
	—	αὐτῇ	same	—	\|	illa	eadem	same	ܒܐܬܪܐ	same	αὐτῇ	same
	—	ἀγραυλοῦντες	lodging in the fields	αγραυλουντες	\|	—	vigilantes	lodging in the fields	ܕܫܪܝܢ	lodging in the fields	ἀγραυλοῦντες	lodging in the fields
	—	καὶ	and	και	\|	cantantes	et	and	ܗܘܘ	and	καὶ	and
	—	φυλάσσοντες	keeping	φυλασσοντες	\|	custodientes	custodientes	keeping	ܬܡܢ	keeping	φυλάσσοντες	keeping
	—	φυλακὰς	watch	φυλακας	\|	custodias	vigilias	watch	ܘܢܛܪܝܢ	watch	φυλακὰς	watch
	—	τῆς	<the>	της	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῆς	<the>
	—	νυκτὸς	by night	νυκτος	\|	noctis	noctis	by night	ܡܛܪܬܐ	by night	νυκτὸς	by night
	—	ἐπὶ	over	επι	\|	super	super	over	ܕܠܠܝܐ	over	ἐπὶ	over
	—	τὴν	the	την	\|	pascua	—	—	—	—	τὴν	the
	—	ποίμνην	flock	ποιμνην	\|	—	gregem	flock	ܥܠ	flock	ποίμνην	flock
	—	αὐτῶν.	of them.	αυτων	\|	sua	suum	of them.	ܡܪܥܝܬܗܘܢ	of them.	αὐτῶν	of them.
Next Fragment: Luke 2:29
See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

—

Καὶ

And

—

And

ܪܥܘܬܐ

And

Καὶ

And

—

ποιμένες

shepherds

ποιμενες

pastores

shepherds

ܕܝܢ

shepherds

ποιμένες

shepherds

—

ἦσαν

were

ησαν

erant

were

ܐܝܬ

were

ἦσαν

were

—

ἐν

εν

ܗܘܘ

ἐν

—

τῇ

the

τη

autem

—

τῇ

the

—

χώρᾳ

region

—

regione

region

ܒܗ

region

χώρᾳ

region

—

τῇ

<the>

—

τῇ

<the>

—

αὐτῇ

same

—

illa

eadem

same

ܒܐܬܪܐ

same

αὐτῇ

same

—

ἀγραυλοῦντες

lodging in the fields

αγραυλουντες

—

vigilantes

lodging in the fields

ܕܫܪܝܢ

lodging in the fields

ἀγραυλοῦντες

lodging in the fields

—

καὶ

and

και

cantantes

and

ܗܘܘ

and

καὶ

and

—

φυλάσσοντες

keeping

φυλασσοντες

custodientes

keeping

ܬܡܢ

keeping

φυλάσσοντες

keeping

—

φυλακὰς

watch

φυλακας

custodias

vigilias

watch

ܘܢܛܪܝܢ

watch

φυλακὰς

watch

—

τῆς

<the>

της

—

τῆς

<the>

—

νυκτὸς

by night

νυκτος

noctis

by night

ܡܛܪܬܐ

by night

νυκτὸς

by night

—

ἐπὶ

over

επι

super

over

ܕܠܠܝܐ

over

ἐπὶ

over

—

τὴν

the

την

pascua

—

τὴν

the

—

ποίμνην

flock

ποιμνην

—

gregem

flock

ܥܠ

flock

ποίμνην

flock

—

αὐτῶν.

of them.

αυτων

sua

suum

of them.

ܡܪܥܝܬܗܘܢ

of them.

αὐτῶν

of them.

Next Fragment: Luke 2:29

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Luke 2:8

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Luke 2:8

Translation Lineage