Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
ανεβηP4		Went up	ἀνέβη	Went up	ανεβη	\|	ascendit	Ascendit	Went up	ܤܠܩ	Went up	Ἀνέβη	Went up
δεP4		then	δὲ	then	δε	\|	autem	autem	then	ܕܝܢ	but	δὲ	then
καιP4		also	καὶ	also	και	\|	et	et	also	ܕܝܢ	also	καὶ	also
ιωσηφP4		Joseph	Ἰωσὴφ	Joseph	ϊωσηφ	\|	ioseph	Joseph	Joseph	ܐܦ	Joseph	Ἰωσὴφ	Joseph
αποP4		from	ἀπὸ	from	απο	\|	terram	a	from	ܝܘܤܦ	from	ἀπὸ	from
τησP4		<the>	τῆς	<the>	της	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῆς	<the>
γαλιλαιασP4		Galilee	Γαλιλαίας	Galilee	γαλιλαιας	\|	galilaea	Galilæa	Galilee	ܡܢ	Galilee	Γαλιλαίας	Galilee
εκP4		out of	ἐκ	out of	εκ	\|	de	de	out of	—	—	ἐκ	out of
πόλεωςP4		the town	πόλεως	the town	πολεως	\|	ciuitate	civitate	the town	ܢܨܪܬ	the town	πόλεως	the town
ΝαζαρὲθP4		of Nazareth	Ναζαρὲθ	of Nazareth	ναζαρεθ	\|	nazared	Nazareth	of Nazareth	ܡܕܝܢܬܐ	of Nazareth	Ναζαρέτ	of Nazareth
εἰςP4		to	εἰς	to	εις	\|	in	in	to	ܕܓܠܝܠܐ	to	εἰς	to
τὴνP4		<the>	τὴν	<the>	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὴν	<the>
ἸουδαίανP4		Judea	Ἰουδαίαν	Judea	ιουδα	\|	iuda	Judæam	Judea	ܠܝܗܘܕ	Judea	Ἰουδαίαν	Judea
εἰςP4		to	εἰς	to	εις	\|	in	in	to	ܠܡܕܝܢܬܗ	to	εἰς	to
πόλινP4		the City	πόλιν	the City	πολιν	\|	ciuitate	civitatem	the City	ܕܕܘܝܕ	the City	πόλιν	the City
ΔαυὶδP4		of David	Δαυὶδ	of David	δαυειδ	\|	dauid	David	of David	ܕܡܬܩܪܝܐ	of David	Δαυίδ	of David
ἥτιςP4		which	ἥτις	which	ητις	\|	quae	quæ	which	ܒܝܬ	which	ἥτις	which
καλεῖταιP4		is called	καλεῖται	is called	—	\|	uocatur	vocatur	is called	ܠܚܡ	is called	καλεῖται	is called
Βηθλέεμ,P4		Bethlehem,	Βηθλέεμ,	Bethlehem,	βηθλεεμ	\|	—	Bethlehem	Bethlehem,	ܡܛܠ	Bethlehem,	Βηθλέεμ	Bethlehem,
διὰP4		because of	διὰ	because of	—	\|	—	eo	because of	ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ	because of	διὰ	because of
τὸP4		<the>	τὸ	<the>	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὸ	<the>
εἶναιP4		being	εἶναι	being	—	\|	—	quod	being	—	—	εἶναι	being
αὐτὸνP4		him	αὐτὸν	him	—	\|	—	esset	him	ܗܘܐ	him	αὐτὸν	him
ἐξP4		from	ἐξ	from	—	\|	de	de	from	ܡܢ	from	ἐξ	from
οἴκουP4		the house	οἴκου	the house	—	\|	—	domo	the house	ܒܝܬܗ	the house	οἴκου	the house
καὶP4		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	—	et	and	ܘܡܢ	and	καὶ	and
πατριᾶςP4		family	πατριᾶς	family	—	\|	—	familia	family	ܫܪܒܬܗ	family	πατριᾶς	family
Δαυίδ,P4		of David,	Δαυίδ,	of David,	—	\|	uethleem	David	of David,	ܕܕܘܝܕ	of David,	Δαυίδ	of David,
	Next Fragment: Luke 2:6
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources

See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
ανεβηP4		Went up	ἀνέβη	Went up	ανεβη	\|	ascendit	Ascendit	Went up	ܤܠܩ	Went up	Ἀνέβη	Went up
δεP4		then	δὲ	then	δε	\|	autem	autem	then	ܕܝܢ	but	δὲ	then
καιP4		also	καὶ	also	και	\|	et	et	also	ܕܝܢ	also	καὶ	also
ιωσηφP4		Joseph	Ἰωσὴφ	Joseph	ϊωσηφ	\|	ioseph	Joseph	Joseph	ܐܦ	Joseph	Ἰωσὴφ	Joseph
αποP4		from	ἀπὸ	from	απο	\|	terram	a	from	ܝܘܤܦ	from	ἀπὸ	from
τησP4		<the>	τῆς	<the>	της	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τῆς	<the>
γαλιλαιασP4		Galilee	Γαλιλαίας	Galilee	γαλιλαιας	\|	galilaea	Galilæa	Galilee	ܡܢ	Galilee	Γαλιλαίας	Galilee
εκP4		out of	ἐκ	out of	εκ	\|	de	de	out of	—	—	ἐκ	out of
πόλεωςP4		the town	πόλεως	the town	πολεως	\|	ciuitate	civitate	the town	ܢܨܪܬ	the town	πόλεως	the town
ΝαζαρὲθP4		of Nazareth	Ναζαρὲθ	of Nazareth	ναζαρεθ	\|	nazared	Nazareth	of Nazareth	ܡܕܝܢܬܐ	of Nazareth	Ναζαρέτ	of Nazareth
εἰςP4		to	εἰς	to	εις	\|	in	in	to	ܕܓܠܝܠܐ	to	εἰς	to
τὴνP4		<the>	τὴν	<the>	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὴν	<the>
ἸουδαίανP4		Judea	Ἰουδαίαν	Judea	ιουδα	\|	iuda	Judæam	Judea	ܠܝܗܘܕ	Judea	Ἰουδαίαν	Judea
εἰςP4		to	εἰς	to	εις	\|	in	in	to	ܠܡܕܝܢܬܗ	to	εἰς	to
πόλινP4		the City	πόλιν	the City	πολιν	\|	ciuitate	civitatem	the City	ܕܕܘܝܕ	the City	πόλιν	the City
ΔαυὶδP4		of David	Δαυὶδ	of David	δαυειδ	\|	dauid	David	of David	ܕܡܬܩܪܝܐ	of David	Δαυίδ	of David
ἥτιςP4		which	ἥτις	which	ητις	\|	quae	quæ	which	ܒܝܬ	which	ἥτις	which
καλεῖταιP4		is called	καλεῖται	is called	—	\|	uocatur	vocatur	is called	ܠܚܡ	is called	καλεῖται	is called
Βηθλέεμ,P4		Bethlehem,	Βηθλέεμ,	Bethlehem,	βηθλεεμ	\|	—	Bethlehem	Bethlehem,	ܡܛܠ	Bethlehem,	Βηθλέεμ	Bethlehem,
διὰP4		because of	διὰ	because of	—	\|	—	eo	because of	ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ	because of	διὰ	because of
τὸP4		<the>	τὸ	<the>	—	\|	—	—	—	—	—	τὸ	<the>
εἶναιP4		being	εἶναι	being	—	\|	—	quod	being	—	—	εἶναι	being
αὐτὸνP4		him	αὐτὸν	him	—	\|	—	esset	him	ܗܘܐ	him	αὐτὸν	him
ἐξP4		from	ἐξ	from	—	\|	de	de	from	ܡܢ	from	ἐξ	from
οἴκουP4		the house	οἴκου	the house	—	\|	—	domo	the house	ܒܝܬܗ	the house	οἴκου	the house
καὶP4		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	—	et	and	ܘܡܢ	and	καὶ	and
πατριᾶςP4		family	πατριᾶς	family	—	\|	—	familia	family	ܫܪܒܬܗ	family	πατριᾶς	family
Δαυίδ,P4		of David,	Δαυίδ,	of David,	—	\|	uethleem	David	of David,	ܕܕܘܝܕ	of David,	Δαυίδ	of David,
	Next Fragment: Luke 2:6
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

ανεβηP4

Went up

ἀνέβη

Went up

ανεβη

ascendit

Ascendit

Went up

ܤܠܩ

Went up

Ἀνέβη

Went up

δεP4

then

δὲ

then

δε

autem

then

ܕܝܢ

but

δὲ

then

καιP4

also

καὶ

also

και

also

ܕܝܢ

also

καὶ

also

ιωσηφP4

Joseph

Ἰωσὴφ

Joseph

ϊωσηφ

ioseph

Joseph

ܐܦ

Joseph

Ἰωσὴφ

Joseph

αποP4

from

ἀπὸ

from

απο

terram

from

ܝܘܤܦ

from

ἀπὸ

from

τησP4

<the>

τῆς

<the>

της

—

τῆς

<the>

γαλιλαιασP4

Galilee

Γαλιλαίας

Galilee

γαλιλαιας

galilaea

Galilæa

Galilee

ܡܢ

Galilee

Γαλιλαίας

Galilee

εκP4

out of

ἐκ

out of

εκ

out of

—

ἐκ

out of

πόλεωςP4

the town

πόλεως

the town

πολεως

ciuitate

civitate

the town

ܢܨܪܬ

the town

πόλεως

the town

ΝαζαρὲθP4

of Nazareth

Ναζαρὲθ

of Nazareth

ναζαρεθ

nazared

Nazareth

of Nazareth

ܡܕܝܢܬܐ

of Nazareth

Ναζαρέτ

of Nazareth

εἰςP4

εἰς

εις

ܕܓܠܝܠܐ

εἰς

τὴνP4

<the>

τὴν

<the>

—

τὴν

<the>

ἸουδαίανP4

Judea

Ἰουδαίαν

Judea

ιουδα

iuda

Judæam

Judea

ܠܝܗܘܕ

Judea

Ἰουδαίαν

Judea

εἰςP4

εἰς

εις

ܠܡܕܝܢܬܗ

εἰς

πόλινP4

the City

πόλιν

the City

πολιν

ciuitate

civitatem

the City

ܕܕܘܝܕ

the City

πόλιν

the City

ΔαυὶδP4

of David

Δαυὶδ

of David

δαυειδ

dauid

David

of David

ܕܡܬܩܪܝܐ

of David

Δαυίδ

of David

ἥτιςP4

which

ἥτις

which

ητις

quae

quæ

which

ܒܝܬ

which

ἥτις

which

καλεῖταιP4

is called

καλεῖται

is called

—

uocatur

vocatur

is called

ܠܚܡ

is called

καλεῖται

is called

Βηθλέεμ,P4

Bethlehem,

Βηθλέεμ,

Bethlehem,

βηθλεεμ

—

Bethlehem

Bethlehem,

ܡܛܠ

Bethlehem,

Βηθλέεμ

Bethlehem,

διὰP4

because of

διὰ

because of

—

because of

ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ

because of

διὰ

because of

τὸP4

<the>

τὸ

<the>

—

τὸ

<the>

εἶναιP4

being

εἶναι

being

—

quod

being

—

εἶναι

being

αὐτὸνP4

him

αὐτὸν

him

—

esset

him

ܗܘܐ

him

αὐτὸν

him

ἐξP4

from

ἐξ

from

—

from

ܡܢ

from

ἐξ

from

οἴκουP4

the house

οἴκου

the house

—

domo

the house

ܒܝܬܗ

the house

οἴκου

the house

καὶP4

and

καὶ

and

—

and

ܘܡܢ

and

καὶ

and

πατριᾶςP4

family

πατριᾶς

family

—

familia

family

ܫܪܒܬܗ

family

πατριᾶς

family

Δαυίδ,P4

of David,

Δαυίδ,

of David,

—

uethleem

David

of David,

ܕܕܘܝܕ

of David,

Δαυίδ

of David,

Next Fragment: Luke 2:6

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Luke 2:4

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Luke 2:4

Translation Lineage