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Source data

Greek New Testament: Center for New Testament Restoration (CNTR), greekcntr.org · Robinson-Pierpont Byzantine Textform (2018), byzantinetext.com

Latin: Clementine Vulgate (1592, public domain)

Syriac: Peshitta (BFBS 1905, public domain)

English glosses: Tyndale House Cambridge STEP Bible (TAGNT) · Whitaker's Words (William Whitaker, public domain) · A Compendious Syriac Dictionary (Jessie Payne Smith, 1903, public domain)

License

Urevangelium is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0). Source data acquired from the Center for New Testament Restoration is incorporated under its CC BY-SA 4.0 license; this project honors the ShareAlike obligation by releasing all derivative alignment data under the same terms. You are free to share and adapt this work, including for commercial use, provided you give appropriate credit and license your derivative work under the same terms.

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Sources, editions, coverage, and editorial status

Urevangelium

ur-eh-van-GAY-lee-um · the original Gospel

The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward

GospelsPapyriSourcesVaticanusMethodsExceptions
MatthewMarkLukeJohn

Mark 2:4

Text & API
← Prev Book← Prev Chapter← Prev VerseChapterVerseNext Verse →Next Chapter →Next Book →
Greek PapyriCopticAlexandrianLatinWesternSyriacByzantine
Earliest Papyri
damage & scan key
c. 125–250 AD · Greek
TAGNT
Sahidic
alignment under review
c. 250–300 AD · Coptic
Lexical aid: Crum/KELLIA
Vaticanus
c. 175–325 AD · Greek
Certified English
Vulgate
Clementine 1592/1598 · Latin
Douay-Rheims 1899
Bezae
c. 150–400 AD · Greek/Latin
Latin
Peshitta
c. 170–400 AD · Syriac
Murdock 1851
Byzantine
c. 300–500 AD · Greek
Certified English
damagedκαι
P88
And——καιAndEtAndκαι|etܘܕܠܐcould notΚαὶAnd
μη
P88
notⲁⲩⲱandμηnotcumwhenμη|cumܐܫܟܚܘas theyμὴnot
δυναμενοι
P88
being ableⲙⲡⲟⲩϣⲃⲱⲕknowδυναμενοιbeing ablenonnotδυναμενοι|nonܠܡܬܩܪܒܘcome nearδυνάμενοιbeing able
damagedπροσενεγκαι
P88
to bring toⲛⲁϥmyπροσενεγκαιto bring topossent——|possentܠܘܬܗAndπροσεγγίσαιto bring near
αυτω
P88
to Himⲉϩⲟⲩⲛto insideαυτωto Himofferreoffer—|accedereܡܛܠon accountαὐτῷto Him
δια
P88
on account ofⲉⲧⲃⲉbecause ofδιαon account ofeumhim—|—ܟܢܫܐthe crowd,διὰon account of
τον
P88
the——τονthe———|quo——τὸνthe
οχλον
P88
crowdⲡⲙⲏⲏϣⲉmultitudeοχλονcrowdillihim—|ihsܤܠܩܘofὄχλονcrowd
απεστεγασαν
P88
they removedⲁⲩϭⲉⲗⲡⲧⲟⲩⲉϩⲥⲟⲓrevealαπεστεγασανthey removedpræforαπεστεγασαν|praeܠܗܘܢthey ascended toἀπεστέγασανthey removed
την
P88
the——τηνthe——την|paralyticus——τὴνthe
στεγην
P88
roofⲉⲃⲟⲗoutστεγηνroofturbathe multitudeστεγην|turbaܠܐܓܪܐremovedστέγηνroof
οπου
P88
whereⲙⲡⲙⲁplaceοπουwherenudaverunt—οπου|nudaueruntܘܐܪܝܡܘtheὅπουwhere
damagedην
P88
He wasⲉⲧϥⲛϩⲏⲧϥ—ηνHe wastectumthe roofην|tectumܬܛܠܝܠܐroof, andἦνHe was
damagedκαι
P88
and——καιandubiwhere—|ubiܕܐܬܪthe placeκαὶand
εξορυξαντεσ
P88
having broken up itⲁⲩⲱandεξορυξαντεςhaving broken up [it]erathe was—|eratܕܐܝܬܘܗܝthe coveringἐξορύξαντεςhaving broken up it
damagedχαλωσιν
P88
they let downⲛⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϣⲟϫⲧ—χαλωσιthey let downetand—|etܗܘܐwas,χαλῶσινthey let down
τον
P88
the——τονthe———|iacens——τὸνthe
κραβαττον
P88
palletⲁⲩⲭⲁⲗⲁto let downκραβαττονpalletpatefacientesopening it—|dimiseruntܝܫܘܥwhere Jesusκράββατονbed
οπου
P88
whereⲙⲡⲉϭⲗⲟϭbedοπουwheresubmiserunt——|—ܘܫܒܘܗand letἐφupon/to/against
ο
P88
the——οthe——ο|erat——ᾧwhich
παραλυτικοσ
P88
paralyticⲉⲡⲉⲥⲏⲧgroundπαραλυτικοςparalyticgrabatumthe bedπαραλυτικος|grabattumܥܪܤܐofὁthe
κατεκειτο
P88
was lying.ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲡⲉⲧⲥⲏϭ—κατεκειτοwas lying.inunto—|inܕܪܡܐdown the bedπαραλυτικὸςparalytic
——ⲛⲏϫthrow——quowherein|ܗܘܐon which the——
——ϩⲓϫⲱϥupon——paralyticusthe palsy|ܒܗhimκατέκειτοwas lying.
——————jacebatlay—|—ܡܫܪܝܐparalytic lay.——
See 65 Earliest PapyriNext Verse Available
Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources
100200300400500600700800900100011001200130014001500160017001800190020002025Reformation / printed edition zoomModern translation zoomTradition Origins · 1st – 14th Century ADAlexandrian / proto-Alexandrian streamWestern textual streamBezae witnessesByzantine standard traditionfrom Alexandrian-type Greekc. 252 ADGreek manuscript correctionc. 383 ADGreek Papyric. 125–250 ADSahidic NTc. 300 ADVaticanusc. 325 ADOld Latin / Vetus LatinaLatin revision baseVulgate383 ADBezaec. 400 ADOld Syriac traditionSyriac standardizationPeshittac. 400 ADByzantinec. 500 ADSahidic dominantBohairic NTdominant c. 1000+c. 400–500:major uncials copiedafter 600:minority Greek streamc. 1400s:humanist returnto Greek MSSc. 500–700:Old Latin persistsafter 500: Westernin select witnessesc. 600–1300:Peshitta standard textc. 500–800:Byzantine expandsc. 800–900:minuscule copyingc. 900–1300:majority traditionCarolingianrevision · c. 800 ADParis Biblec. 1220–1230 ADPhiloxenianrevision · 508 ADHarkleanrevision · 616 ADTranslation Genealogy1350 CE to PresentTextus Receptus TraditionCoptic witnessesinform critical editionsWestern witnessesinform variant decisionsWycliffe1382Erasmus1516Tyndale1526Stephanus1550Geneva1560Beza1565Bishops'1568Douay-Rheims1582Clementine1592KJV1611Elzevir1633Challoner1749Westcott-Hort1881Revised Version1881Nestle-Aland1898ASV1901BFBS Peshitta1905RSV1952Good News1966Jerusalem1966NASB1971Stuttgart Vulgate1969NIV1978NKJV1982NRSV1989NLT1996WEB2000ESV2001The Message2002NET2005Robinson-Pierpont2005NABRE2011CSB2017LSB2021Line keyTradition beginningTradition streamFading traditionPre-witness periodTranslation / revisionTextual influenceEdition traditionGutenberg Bibleprinted Vulgate c. 1455ComplutensianNT printed 1514 · pub. 1522