Urevangelium

Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.

Translation Lineage

Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.

Greek Papyri			Alexandrian		Western			Latin		Syriac		Byzantine
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT			Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT		Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin			Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker		Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith		Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT
καιP84 · P88		And	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܕܠܐ	And	Καὶ	And
μηP84 · P88		not	μὴ	not	μη	\|	cum	cum	not	ܐܫܟܚܘ	not	μὴ	not
δυναμενοιP84 · P88		being able	δυνάμενοι	being able	δυναμενοι	\|	non	non	being able	ܠܡܬܩܪܒܘ	being able	δυνάμενοι	being able
προσενεγκαιP84 · P88		to bring to	προσενέγκαι	to bring to	—	\|	possent	possent	to bring to	ܠܘܬܗ	to bring to	προσεγγίσαι	to bring to
αυτωP84 · P88		to Him	αὐτῷ	to Him	—	\|	accedere	offerre	to Him	ܡܛܠ	to Him	αὐτῷ	to Him
διαP84 · P88		on account of	διὰ	on account of	—	\|	—	eum	on account of	ܟܢܫܐ	on account of	διὰ	on account of
τονP84 · P88		the	τὸν	the	—	\|	quo	—	—	—	—	τὸν	the
οχλονP84 · P88		crowd	ὄχλον	crowd	—	\|	ihs	illi	crowd	ܤܠܩܘ	crowd	ὄχλον	crowd
απεστεγασανP84 · P88		they removed	ἀπεστέγασαν	they removed	απεστεγασαν	\|	prae	præ	they removed	ܠܗܘܢ	they removed	ἀπεστέγασαν	they removed
τηνP84 · P88		the	τὴν	the	την	\|	paralyticus	—	—	—	—	τὴν	the
στεγηνP84 · P88		roof	στέγην	roof	στεγην	\|	turba	turba	roof	ܠܐܓܪܐ	roof	στέγην	roof
οπουP84 · P88		where	ὅπου	where	οπου	\|	nudauerunt	nudaverunt	where	ܘܐܪܝܡܘ	where	ὅπου	where
ηνP84 · P88		He was	ἦν	He was	ην	\|	tectum	tectum	He was	ܬܛܠܝܠܐ	He was	ἦν	He was
καιP84 · P88		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	ubi	ubi	and	ܕܐܬܪ	and	καὶ	and
εξορυξαντεσP84 · P88		having broken up it	ἐξορύξαντες	having broken up it	—	\|	erat	erat	having broken up it	ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ	having broken up it	ἐξορύξαντες	having broken up it
χαλωσινP84 · P88		they let down	χαλῶσιν	they let down	—	\|	et	et	they let down	ܗܘܐ	they let down	χαλῶσιν	they let down
τονP84 · P88		the	τὸν	the	—	\|	iacens	—	—	—	—	τὸν	the
κραβαττονP84 · P88		pallet	κράβαττον	pallet	—	\|	dimiserunt	patefacientes	pallet	ܝܫܘܥ	pallet	κράββατον	pallet
οπουP84 · P88		where	ὅπου	where	—	\|	—	submiserunt	where	ܘܫܒܘܗ	where	ἐφ’	where
οP84 · P88		the	ὁ	the	ο	\|	erat	—	—	—	—	ᾧ	the
παραλυτικοσP84 · P88		paralytic	παραλυτικὸς	paralytic	παραλυτικος	\|	grabattum	grabatum	paralytic	ܥܪܤܐ	paralytic	ὁ	paralytic
κατεκειτοP84 · P88		was lying.	κατέκειτο.	was lying.	—	\|	in	in	was lying.	ܕܪܡܐ	was lying.	παραλυτικὸς	was lying.
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	See 65 Earliest Papyri

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See how the Four Gospels in the Bible you read today connect to the Greek, Latin, Syriac, and Byzantine witnesses shown above.

Greek Papyri	Alexandrian	Western	Latin	Byzantine
καιP84 · P88		And	καὶ	And	και	\|	et	Et	And	ܘܕܠܐ	And	Καὶ	And
μηP84 · P88		not	μὴ	not	μη	\|	cum	cum	not	ܐܫܟܚܘ	not	μὴ	not
δυναμενοιP84 · P88		being able	δυνάμενοι	being able	δυναμενοι	\|	non	non	being able	ܠܡܬܩܪܒܘ	being able	δυνάμενοι	being able
προσενεγκαιP84 · P88		to bring to	προσενέγκαι	to bring to	—	\|	possent	possent	to bring to	ܠܘܬܗ	to bring to	προσεγγίσαι	to bring to
αυτωP84 · P88		to Him	αὐτῷ	to Him	—	\|	accedere	offerre	to Him	ܡܛܠ	to Him	αὐτῷ	to Him
διαP84 · P88		on account of	διὰ	on account of	—	\|	—	eum	on account of	ܟܢܫܐ	on account of	διὰ	on account of
τονP84 · P88		the	τὸν	the	—	\|	quo	—	—	—	—	τὸν	the
οχλονP84 · P88		crowd	ὄχλον	crowd	—	\|	ihs	illi	crowd	ܤܠܩܘ	crowd	ὄχλον	crowd
απεστεγασανP84 · P88		they removed	ἀπεστέγασαν	they removed	απεστεγασαν	\|	prae	præ	they removed	ܠܗܘܢ	they removed	ἀπεστέγασαν	they removed
τηνP84 · P88		the	τὴν	the	την	\|	paralyticus	—	—	—	—	τὴν	the
στεγηνP84 · P88		roof	στέγην	roof	στεγην	\|	turba	turba	roof	ܠܐܓܪܐ	roof	στέγην	roof
οπουP84 · P88		where	ὅπου	where	οπου	\|	nudauerunt	nudaverunt	where	ܘܐܪܝܡܘ	where	ὅπου	where
ηνP84 · P88		He was	ἦν	He was	ην	\|	tectum	tectum	He was	ܬܛܠܝܠܐ	He was	ἦν	He was
καιP84 · P88		and	καὶ	and	—	\|	ubi	ubi	and	ܕܐܬܪ	and	καὶ	and
εξορυξαντεσP84 · P88		having broken up it	ἐξορύξαντες	having broken up it	—	\|	erat	erat	having broken up it	ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ	having broken up it	ἐξορύξαντες	having broken up it
χαλωσινP84 · P88		they let down	χαλῶσιν	they let down	—	\|	et	et	they let down	ܗܘܐ	they let down	χαλῶσιν	they let down
τονP84 · P88		the	τὸν	the	—	\|	iacens	—	—	—	—	τὸν	the
κραβαττονP84 · P88		pallet	κράβαττον	pallet	—	\|	dimiserunt	patefacientes	pallet	ܝܫܘܥ	pallet	κράββατον	pallet
οπουP84 · P88		where	ὅπου	where	—	\|	—	submiserunt	where	ܘܫܒܘܗ	where	ἐφ’	where
οP84 · P88		the	ὁ	the	ο	\|	erat	—	—	—	—	ᾧ	the
παραλυτικοσP84 · P88		paralytic	παραλυτικὸς	paralytic	παραλυτικος	\|	grabattum	grabatum	paralytic	ܥܪܤܐ	paralytic	ὁ	paralytic
κατεκειτοP84 · P88		was lying.	κατέκειτο.	was lying.	—	\|	in	in	was lying.	ܕܪܡܐ	was lying.	παραλυτικὸς	was lying.
	Next Verse Available
	See 65 Earliest Papyri

Greek Papyri

Alexandrian

Western

Latin

Syriac

Byzantine

Earliest Papyri

c. 125–250 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Vaticanus

c. 325 CE · Greek

TAGNT

Bezae

c. 400 CE · Greek

Latin

Vulgate

c. 400 CE · Latin

Whitaker

Peshitta

c. 400–450 CE · Syriac

PayneSmith

Byzantine

c. 5th–9th c. · Greek

TAGNT

καιP84 · P88

And

καὶ

And

και

And

ܘܕܠܐ

And

Καὶ

And

μηP84 · P88

not

μὴ

not

μη

cum

not

ܐܫܟܚܘ

not

μὴ

not

δυναμενοιP84 · P88

being able

δυνάμενοι

being able

δυναμενοι

non

being able

ܠܡܬܩܪܒܘ

being able

δυνάμενοι

being able

προσενεγκαιP84 · P88

to bring to

προσενέγκαι

to bring to

—

possent

to bring to

ܠܘܬܗ

to bring to

προσεγγίσαι

to bring to

αυτωP84 · P88

to Him

αὐτῷ

to Him

—

accedere

offerre

to Him

ܡܛܠ

to Him

αὐτῷ

to Him

διαP84 · P88

on account of

διὰ

on account of

—

eum

on account of

ܟܢܫܐ

on account of

διὰ

on account of

τονP84 · P88

the

τὸν

the

—

quo

—

τὸν

the

οχλονP84 · P88

crowd

ὄχλον

crowd

—

ihs

illi

crowd

ܤܠܩܘ

crowd

ὄχλον

crowd

απεστεγασανP84 · P88

they removed

ἀπεστέγασαν

they removed

απεστεγασαν

prae

præ

they removed

ܠܗܘܢ

they removed

ἀπεστέγασαν

they removed

τηνP84 · P88

the

τὴν

the

την

paralyticus

—

τὴν

the

στεγηνP84 · P88

roof

στέγην

roof

στεγην

turba

roof

ܠܐܓܪܐ

roof

στέγην

roof

οπουP84 · P88

where

ὅπου

where

οπου

nudauerunt

nudaverunt

where

ܘܐܪܝܡܘ

where

ὅπου

where

ηνP84 · P88

He was

ἦν

He was

ην

tectum

He was

ܬܛܠܝܠܐ

He was

ἦν

He was

καιP84 · P88

and

καὶ

and

—

ubi

and

ܕܐܬܪ

and

καὶ

and

εξορυξαντεσP84 · P88

having broken up it

ἐξορύξαντες

having broken up it

—

erat

having broken up it

ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ

having broken up it

ἐξορύξαντες

having broken up it

χαλωσινP84 · P88

they let down

χαλῶσιν

they let down

—

they let down

ܗܘܐ

they let down

χαλῶσιν

they let down

τονP84 · P88

the

τὸν

the

—

iacens

—

τὸν

the

κραβαττονP84 · P88

pallet

κράβαττον

pallet

—

dimiserunt

patefacientes

pallet

ܝܫܘܥ

pallet

κράββατον

pallet

οπουP84 · P88

where

ὅπου

where

—

submiserunt

where

ܘܫܒܘܗ

where

ἐφ’

where

οP84 · P88

the

ὁ

the

erat

—

ᾧ

the

παραλυτικοσP84 · P88

paralytic

παραλυτικὸς

paralytic

παραλυτικος

grabattum

grabatum

paralytic

ܥܪܤܐ

paralytic

ὁ

paralytic

κατεκειτοP84 · P88

was lying.

κατέκειτο.

was lying.

—

was lying.

ܕܪܡܐ

was lying.

παραλυτικὸς

was lying.

Next Verse Available

See 65 Earliest Papyri

Mark 2:4

Translation Lineage

Urevangelium

Mark 2:4

Translation Lineage