The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܐܦ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | αὕτη | this | αυτη | | | in | hæc | this | ܗܝ | this | αὕτη | this | ||||||
| — | αὐτῇ | she | — | | | ipsa | ipsa | she | ܩܡܬ | she | αὐτῇ | she | ||||||
| — | τῇ | at that | τη | | | instans | — | — | — | — | τῇ | at that | ||||||
| — | ὥρᾳ | hour | ωρα | | | hora | hora | hour | ܒܗ | hour | ὥρᾳ | hour | ||||||
| — | ἐπιστᾶσα | having come up | επιστασα | | | deo | superveniens | having come up | ܒܫܥܬܐ | having come up | ἐπιστᾶσα | having come up | ||||||
| — | ἀνθωμολογεῖτο | she was giving praise | ανθωμολογιτο | | | — | confitebatur | she was giving praise | ܘܐܘܕܝܬ | she was giving praise | ἀνθωμολογεῖτο | she was giving praise | ||||||
| — | τῷ | <the> | τω | | | dicebat | — | — | — | — | τῷ | <the> | ||||||
| — | θεῷ | to God | θω | | | de | Domino | to God | ܠܡܪܝܐ | to God | κυρίῳ | to God | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܡܡܠܠܐ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | ἐλάλει | was speaking | ελαλει | | | eo | loquebatur | was speaking | ܗܘܬ | was speaking | ἐλάλει | was speaking | ||||||
| — | περὶ | concerning | περι | | | depraecabatur | de | concerning | ܥܠܘܗܝ | concerning | περὶ | concerning | ||||||
| — | αὐτοῦ | Him | αυτου | | | spectabant | illo | Him | ܥܡ | Him | αὐτοῦ | Him | ||||||
| — | πᾶσιν | to all | πασιν | | | omnibus | omnibus | to all | ܟܠܢܫ | to all | πᾶσιν | to all | ||||||
| — | τοῖς | those | τοις | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | those | ||||||
| — | προσδεχομένοις | waiting for | προσδεχομενοις | | | qui | qui | waiting for | ܕܡܤܟܐ | waiting for | προσδεχομένοις | waiting for | ||||||
| — | λύτρωσιν | the redemption | λυτρωσιν | | | saluationem | exspectabant | the redemption | ܗܘܐ | the redemption | λύτρωσιν | the redemption | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | redemptionem | in | ܠܦܘܪܩܢܗ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | Ἰερουσαλήμ.¶ | of Jerusalem. | ϊερουσαλημ | | | hierusalem | Israël | of Jerusalem. | ܕܐܘܪܫܠܡ | of Jerusalem. | Ἱερουσαλήμ | of Jerusalem. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 2:40 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||