The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ὥστε | So then | — | | | dms | Itaque | So then | ܡܪܗ | So then | ὥστε | So then | ||||||
| — | κύριός | Lord | — | | | — | Dominus | Lord | ܗܘ | Lord | κύριός | Lord | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | is | εστιν | | | est | est | is | ܗܟܝܠ | is | ἐστιν | is | ||||||
| — | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | ||||||
| — | υἱὸς | Son | ϋιος | | | filius | Filius | Son | ܘܐܦ | Son | υἱὸς | Son | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | ||||||
| — | ἀνθρώπου | of Man | ανθρωπου | | | hominis | hominis | of Man | ܕܫܒܬܐ | of Man | ἀνθρώπου | of Man | ||||||
| — | καὶ | also even | και | | | et | etiam | also even | ܒܪܗ | also even | καὶ | also even | ||||||
| — | τοῦ | of the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | of the | ||||||
| — | σαββάτου.¶ | Sabbath. | σαββατου | | | sabbati | sabbati | Sabbath. | ܕܐܢܫܐ | Sabbath. | σαββάτου | Sabbath. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Mark 4:33 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||