The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | Καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܚܢܐ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ἦν | there was | — | | | fanuel | erat | there was | ܕܝܢ | there was | ἦν | there was | ||||||
| — | Ἅννα | Anna | αννα | | | anna | Anna | Anna | ܢܒܝܬܐ | Anna | Ἅννα | Anna | ||||||
| — | προφῆτις, | a prophetess, | προφητις | | | prophetis | prophetissa | a prophetess, | ܒܪܬܗ | a prophetess, | προφῆτις | a prophetess, | ||||||
| — | θυγάτηρ | daughter | θυγατηρ | | | filia | filia | daughter | ܕܦܢܘܐܝܠ | daughter | θυγάτηρ | daughter | ||||||
| — | Φανουήλ, | of Phanuel, | φανουηλ | | | haec | Phanuel | of Phanuel, | — | — | Φανουήλ | of Phanuel, | ||||||
| — | ἐκ | of | εκ | | | de | de | of | ܡܢ | of | ἐκ | of | ||||||
| — | φυλῆς | the tribe | φυλης | | | tribu | tribu | the tribe | ܫܒܛܐ | the tribe | φυλῆς | the tribe | ||||||
| — | Ἀσήρ· | of Asher; | ασηρ | | | aser | Aser | of Asher; | ܕܐܫܝܪ | of Asher; | Ἀσήρ- | of Asher; | ||||||
| — | αὕτη | she | αυτη | | | quae | hæc | she | ܐܦ | she | αὕτη | she | ||||||
| — | προβεβηκυῖα | having advanced | προβεβηκυϊα | | | processerat | processerat | having advanced | ܗܝ | having advanced | προβεβηκυῖα | having advanced | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܩܫܝܫܬ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | ἡμέραις | years | ημεραις | | | diebus | diebus | years | ܒܝܘܡܬܗ | years | ἡμέραις | years | ||||||
| — | πολλαῖς, | great, | πολλαις | | | multis | multis | great, | ܗܘܬ | great, | πολλαῖς | great, | ||||||
| — | ζήσασα | having lived | ζησασα | | | et | et | having lived | ܘܫܒܥ | having lived | ζήσασα | having lived | ||||||
| — | μετὰ | with | — | | | uixit | vixerat | with | ܫܢܝܢ | with | ἔτη | with | ||||||
| — | ἀνδρὸς | a husband | — | | | cum | cum | a husband | — | — | μετὰ | a husband | ||||||
| — | ἔτη | years | ετη | | | uiro | viro | years | ܥܡ | years | ἀνδρὸς | years | ||||||
| — | ἑπτὰ | seven | επτα | | | sua | suo | seven | ܒܥܠܗ | seven | ἑπτὰ | seven | ||||||
| — | ἀπὸ | from | απο | | | annos | annis | from | ܚܝܬ | from | ἀπὸ | from | ||||||
| — | τῆς | the | της | | | septem | — | — | — | — | τῆς | the | ||||||
| — | παρθενίας | marriage | παρθενειας | | | a | a | marriage | ܡܢ | marriage | παρθενίας | marriage | ||||||
| — | αὐτῆς· | of herself; | αυτης | | | uirginitate | virginitate | of herself; | ܒܬܘܠܘܬܗ | of herself; | αὐτῆς | of herself; | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 2:40 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||