The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | καὶ | And | και | | | et | Et | And | ܘܗܦܟܘ | And | Καὶ | And | ||||||
| — | ὑπέστρεψαν | returned | ϋπεστρεψαν | | | reuersi | reversi | returned | ܪܥܘܬܐ | returned | ὑπέστρεψαν | returned | ||||||
| — | οἱ | the | οι | | | sunt | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | ||||||
| — | ποιμένες | shepherds | ποιμενες | | | pastores | pastores | shepherds | ܗܢܘܢ | shepherds | ποιμένες | shepherds | ||||||
| — | δοξάζοντες | glorifying | δοξαζοντες | | | honorificantes | glorificantes | glorifying | — | — | δοξάζοντες | glorifying | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܟܕ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | αἰνοῦντες | praising | αινουντες | | | laudantes | laudantes | praising | ܡܫܒܚܝܢ | praising | αἰνοῦντες | praising | ||||||
| — | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | dm | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | ||||||
| — | θεὸν | God | θν | | | in | in | God | ܘܡܗܠܠܝܢ | God | θεὸν | God | ||||||
| — | ἐπὶ | for | επι | | | omnibus | omnibus | for | ܠܐܠܗܐ | for | ἐπὶ | for | ||||||
| — | πᾶσιν | all things | πασιν | | | quibus | quæ | all things | — | — | πᾶσιν | all things | ||||||
| — | οἷς | which | οις | | | audierunt | audierant | which | ܥܠ | which | οἷς | which | ||||||
| — | ἤκουσαν | they had heard | ηκουσαν | | | et | et | they had heard | ܟܠ | they had heard | ἤκουσαν | they had heard | ||||||
| — | καὶ | and | και | | | uiderunt | viderant | and | ܕܚܙܘ | and | καὶ | and | ||||||
| — | εἶδον | seen | ιδον | | | sicut | sicut | seen | ܘܫܡܥܘ | seen | εἶδον | seen | ||||||
| — | καθὼς | even as | καθως | | | dictum | dictum | even as | — | — | καθὼς | even as | ||||||
| — | ἐλαλήθη | it was said | ελαληθη | | | est | est | it was said | ܐܝܟܢܐ | it was said | ἐλαλήθη | it was said | ||||||
| — | πρὸς | to | προς | | | ad | ad | to | ܕܐܬܡܠܠ | to | πρὸς | to | ||||||
| — | αὐτούς.¶ | them. | αυτους | | | illos | illos | them. | ܥܡܗܘܢ | them. | αὐτούς | them. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 2:29 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||