The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ὅτι | For | οτι | | | quia | quia | For | ܐܬܝܠܕ | For | ὅτι | For | ||||||
| — | ἐτέχθη | has been born | ετεχθη | | | natus | natus | has been born | ܠܟܘܢ | has been born | ἐτέχθη | has been born | ||||||
| — | ὑμῖν | to you | ϋμειν | | | est | est | to you | ܓܝܪ | to you | ὑμῖν | to you | ||||||
| — | σήμερον | today | σημερον | | | uobis | vobis | today | — | — | σήμερον | today | ||||||
| — | σωτὴρ | a Savior | σωτηρ | | | hodie | hodie | a Savior | ܝܘܡܢܐ | a Savior | σωτήρ | a Savior | ||||||
| — | ὅς | who | ος | | | saluator | Salvator | who | ܦܪܘܩܐ | who | ὅς | who | ||||||
| — | ἐστιν | is | εστιν | | | qui | qui | is | ܕܐܝܬܘܗܝ | is | ἐστιν | is | ||||||
| — | χριστὸς | Christ | — | | | est | est | Christ | ܡܪܝܐ | Christ | χριστὸς | Christ | ||||||
| — | κύριος | the Lord | — | | | xps | Christus | the Lord | — | — | κύριος | the Lord | ||||||
| — | ἐν | in | εν | | | ihs | Dominus | in | ܡܫܝܚܐ | in | ἐν | in | ||||||
| — | πόλει | the City | πολει | | | in | in | the City | ܒܡܕܝܢܬܗ | the City | πόλει | the City | ||||||
| — | Δαυίδ. | of David. | δαυειδ | | | ciuitate | civitate | of David. | ܕܕܘܝܕ | of David. | Δαυίδ | of David. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 2:29 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||