The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ενP3 · P45 · P75 | it came to pass | Ἐγένετο | it came to pass | εγενετο | | | factum | Factum | it came to pass | ܘܗܘܐ | it came to pass | Ἐγένετο | it came to pass | |||||
δεP3 · P45 · P75 | In | ἐν | In | — | | | est | est | In | — | — | δὲ | In | |||||
τωιP3 · P45 · P75 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | ἐν | now | |||||
πορευεσθαιP3 · P45 · P75 | the | τῷ | the | τω | | | cum | — | — | — | — | τῷ | the | |||||
αυτουσP3 · P45 · P75 | proceeding | πορεύεσθαι | proceeding | πορευεσθαι | | | — | dum | proceeding | ܗܢܘܢ | proceeding | πορεύεσθαι | proceeding | |||||
εισηλθενP3 · P45 · P75 | of them | αὐτοὺς | of them | — | | | iter | irent | of them | — | — | αὐτούς | of them | |||||
αυτοσP3 · P45 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | — | | | — | et | and | ܪܕܝܢ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
εισP3 · P45 · P75 | He himself | αὐτὸς | He himself | — | | | faceret | ipse | He himself | — | — | αὐτὸς | He himself | |||||
κωμηνP3 · P45 · P75 | entered | εἰσῆλθεν | entered | — | | | introibit | intravit | entered | ܒܐܘܪܚܐ | entered | εἰσῆλθεν | entered | |||||
τιναP3 · P45 · P75 | into | εἰς | into | — | | | in | in | into | ܥܠ | into | εἰς | into | |||||
γυνηP3 · P45 · P75 | a village | κώμην | a village | — | | | quoddam | quoddam | a village | — | — | κώμην | a village | |||||
δεP3 · P45 · P75 | certain. | τινά. | certain. | — | | | castellum | castellum | certain. | ܠܩܪܝܬܐ | certain. | τινά | certain. | |||||
τισP3 · P45 · P75 | a woman | γυνὴ | a woman | — | | | autem | et | a woman | — | — | γυνὴ | a woman | |||||
ονοματιP3 · P45 · P75 | now | δέ | now | — | | | mulier | mulier | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δέ | now | |||||
μαρθαP3 · P45 · P75 | certain | τις | certain | — | | | — | quædam | certain | ܘܐܢܬܬܐ | certain | τις | certain | |||||
υπεδεξατοP3 · P45 · P75 | named | ὀνόματι | named | — | | | martha | Martha | named | — | — | ὀνόματι | named | |||||
αυτονP3 · P45 · P75 | Martha | Μάρθα | Martha | — | | | nomine | nomine | Martha | ܕܫܡܗ | Martha | Μάρθα | Martha | |||||
ὑπεδέξατοP3 · P45 · P75 | received | ὑπεδέξατο | received | — | | | suscepit | excepit | received | — | — | ὑπεδέξατο | received | |||||
αὐτόνP3 · P45 · P75 | Him | αὐτόν | Him | αυτον | | | — | illum | Him | ܡܪܬܐ | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | |||||
εἰςP3 · P45 · P75 | into | εἰς | into | εις | | | in | in | into | ܩܒܠܬܗ | into | εἰς | into | |||||
τὸνP3 · P45 · P75 | the | τὸν | the | τον | | | eum | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
οἶκονP3 · P45 · P75 | house | οἶκον | house | οικον | | | domum | domum | house | — | — | οἶκον | house | |||||
αὐτῆςP3 · P45 · P75 | of her | αὐτῆς | of her | αυτης | | | suam | suam | of her | ܒܒܝܬܗ | of her | αὐτῆς | of her | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||