The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
απεκριθησανP66 · P75 | They answered | ἀπεκρίθησαν | They answered | απεκριθησαν | | | responderunt | Responderunt | They answered | ܐܡܪܝܢ | They answered | Ἀπεκρίθησαν | They answered | |||||
προσP66 · P75 | unto | πρὸς | unto | προς | | | ad | ei | unto | ܠܗ | unto | αὐτῷ | unto | |||||
αυτονP66 · P75 | Him; | αὐτόν· | Him; | αυτον | | | semen | Semen | Him; | ܙܪܥܗ | Him; | Σπέρμα | Him; | |||||
σπερμαP66 · P75 | Seed | σπέρμα | Seed | — | | | abraam | Abrahæ | Seed | ܚܢܢ | Seed | Ἀβραάμ | Seed | |||||
αβρααμP66 · P75 | of Abraham | Ἀβραάμ | of Abraham | — | | | eum | — | — | ܕܐܒܪܗܡ | of Abraham | ἐσμεν | of Abraham | |||||
εσμενP66 · P75 | we are | ἐσμεν | we are | — | | | sumus | sumus | we are | ܘܡܢ | we are | καὶ | we are | |||||
καιP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܡܬܘܡ | and | οὐδενὶ | and | |||||
ουδενιP66 · P75 | to no one | οὐδενὶ | to no one | — | | | nemini | nemini | to no one | ܥܒܕܘܬܐ | to no one | δεδουλεύκαμεν | to no one | |||||
δεδουλευκαμενP66 · P75 | have we been under bondage | δεδουλεύκαμεν | have we been under bondage | δεδουλευκαμεν | | | seruiuimus | servivimus | have we been under bondage | ܠܐܢܫ | have we been under bondage | πώποτε | have we been under bondage | |||||
πωποτεP66 · P75 | ever; | πώποτε· | ever; | πωποτε | | | umquam | umquam | ever; | ܠܐ | ever; | πῶς | ever; | |||||
καιP66 · P75 | How | πῶς | How | πως | | | quomodo | quomodo | How | ܦܠܝܚܐ | How | σὺ | How | |||||
πωσP66 · P75 | You yourself | σὺ | You yourself | συ | | | et | — | — | ܠܢ | You yourself | λέγεις | You yourself | |||||
συP66 · P75 | say | λέγεις | say | λεγεις | | | tu | tu | say | ܐܝܟܢܐ | say | ὅτι | say | |||||
λεγεισP66 · P75 | that | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | dicis | dicis | that | ܐܡܪ | that | Ἐλεύθεροι | that | |||||
οτιP66 · P75 | Free | ἐλεύθεροι | Free | ελευθεροι | | | — | Liberi | Free | ܐܢܬ | Free | γενήσεσθε | Free | |||||
ελευθεροιP66 · P75 | you will become’? | γενήσεσθε; | you will become’? | γενησεσθε | | | eritis | eritis | you will become’? | ܕܬܗܘܘܢ | you will become’? | γενήσεσθε; | you will become’? | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||