The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
παλινP66 · P75 | Again | Πάλιν | Again | παλιν | | | iterum | Iterum | again | ܬܘܒ | Again | Πάλιν | Again | |||||
ουνP66 · P75 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܕܝܢ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
αυτοισP66 · P75 | to them | αὐτοῖς | to them | — | | | loquebatur | eis | to them | ܡܠܠ | to them | αὐτοῖς | to them | |||||
ελαλησενP66 · P75 | spoke | ἐλάλησεν | spoke | ελαλησεν | | | — | locutus est | spoke | ܥܡܗܘܢ | spoke | ὁ | spoke | |||||
οP66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | Ἰησοῦς | <the> | |||||
ισP66 · P75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | ἐλάλησεν | Jesus | |||||
λεγωνP66 · P75 | saying; | λέγων· | saying; | λεγων | | | dicens | dicens | saying | ܘܐܡܪ | saying; | λέγων | saying; | |||||
εγωP66 · P75 | I myself | ἐγώ | I myself | εγω | | | ego | Ego | I | ܐܢܐ | I myself | Ἐγώ | I myself | |||||
ειμιP66 · P75 | am | εἰμι | am | ειμι | | | sum | sum | am | ܐܢܐ | am | εἰμι | am | |||||
τοP66 · P75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | ad | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
φωσP66 · P75 | light | φῶς | light | φως | | | lux | lux | light | ܢܘܗܪܗ | light | φῶς | light | |||||
τουP66 · P75 | of the | τοῦ | of the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | of the | |||||
κοσμουP66 · P75 | world. | κόσμου. | world. | κοσμου | | | mundi | mundi | of the world | ܕܥܠܡܐ | world. | κόσμου | world. | |||||
οP66 · P75 | the one | ὁ | the one | ο | | | qui | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the one | |||||
ακολουθωνP66 · P75 | following | ἀκολουθῶν | following | ακολουθων | | | sequitur | sequitur | follows | ܡܢ | following | ἀκολουθῶν | following | |||||
εμοιP66 · P75 | Me myself | ἐμοὶ | Me myself | εμοι | | | me | me | me | ܕܒܬܪܝ | Me myself | ἐμοὶ | Me myself | |||||
ουP66 · P75 | certainly | οὐ | certainly | ου | | | non | non | not | ܐܬܐ | certainly | οὐ | certainly | |||||
μηP66 · P75 | not | μὴ | not | μη | | | — | — | — | ܠܐ | not | μὴ | not | |||||
περιπατησηP66 · P75 | may walk | περιπατήσῃ | may walk | — | | | ambulauit | ambulat | walks | ܢܗܠܟ | may walk | περιπατήσῃ | may walk | |||||
ενP66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܒܚܫܘܟܐ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
τηP66 · P75 | the | τῇ | the | τη | | | illos | — | — | — | — | τῇ | the | |||||
σχοτιαP66 · P75 | darkness | σκοτίᾳ | darkness | σκοτεια | | | tenebris | tenebris | darkness | ܐܠܐ | darkness | σκοτίᾳ | darkness | |||||
αλλP66 · P75 | but | ἀλλ᾽ | but | — | | | sed | sed | but | ܢܫܟܚ | but | ἀλλ’ | but | |||||
εξειP66 · P75 | will have | ἕξει | will have | εξει | | | habebit | habebit | will have | ܠܗ | will have | ἕξει | will have | |||||
τοP66 · P75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
φωσP66 · P75 | light | φῶς | light | φως | | | — | lumen | light | ܢܘܗܪܐ | light | φῶς | light | |||||
τησP66 · P75 | <the> | τῆς | <the> | της | | | lucem | — | — | — | — | τῆς | <the> | |||||
ζωησP66 · P75 | of life. | ζωῆς.¶ | of life. | ζωης | | | uitae | vitæ | of life | ܕܚܝܐ | of life. | ζωῆς | of life. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||