The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
απεκριθηP75 | Answered | Ἀπεκρίθη | Answered | απεκριθη | | | respondit | Respondit | answered | ܥܢܐ | Answered | Ἀπεκρίθη | Answered | |||||
ισP75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | illis | — | — | — | — | Ἰησοῦς | <the> | |||||
καιP75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | καὶ | Jesus | |||||
ειπενP75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | εἶπεν | and | |||||
αυτοισP75 | said | εἶπεν | said | ειπεν | | | dixit | dixit | said | ܘܐܡܪ | said | αὐτοῖς | said | |||||
τουτοP75 | to them; | αὐτοῖς· | to them; | αυτοις | | | ille | eis | to them | ܠܗܘܢ | to them; | Τοῦτό | to them; | |||||
εστινP75 | This | τοῦτό | This | τουτο | | | hoc | Hoc | this | — | — | ἐστιν | This | |||||
τοP75 | is | ἐστιν | is | εστι | | | est | est | is | ܗܢܘ | is | τὸ | is | |||||
εργονP75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἔργον | the | |||||
τουP75 | work | ἔργον | work | εργον | | | opus | Dei | of God | ܥܒܕܐ | work | τοῦ | work | |||||
θυP75 | <the> | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | θεοῦ | <the> | |||||
ιναP75 | of God | θεοῦ | of God | θυ | | | dei | ut | that/so that | ܕܐܠܗܐ | of God | ἵνα | of God | |||||
πιστευητεP75 | that | ἵνα | that | ϊνα | | | ut | credatis | ? | — | — | πιστεύσητε | that | |||||
εισP75 | you may believe | πιστεύητε | you may believe | — | | | credatis | in | in | ܕܬܗܝܡܢܘܢ | you may believe | εἰς | you may believe | |||||
ονP75 | in | εἰς | in | εις | | | in | eum | him | ܒܡܢ | in | ὃν | in | |||||
απεστειλενP75 | Him whom | ὃν | Him whom | ον | | | eum | quem | whom | — | — | ἀπέστειλεν | Him whom | |||||
εκεινοσP75 | has sent | ἀπέστειλεν | has sent | απεστειλεν | | | quem | misit | sent | ܕܗܘ | has sent | ἐκεῖνος | has sent | |||||
ἐκεῖνος.¶P75 | He. | ἐκεῖνος.¶ | He. | εκεινος | | | misit | ille | he/that | ܫܕܪ | He. | ἐκεῖνος.¶ | He. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||