The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ηλθενP66 · P75 | He came | Ἦλθεν | He came | ηλθεν | | | Uenit | Venit | He came | ܐܬܐ | He came | Ἦλθεν | He came | |||||
ουνP66 · P75 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܕܝܢ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
παλινP66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | autem | — | — | — | — | πάλιν | <the> | |||||
εισP66 · P75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | iterum | iterum | Jesus | ܬܘܒ | Jesus | ὁ | Jesus | |||||
τηνP66 · P75 | again | πάλιν | again | παλιν | | | in | in | again | ܝܫܘܥ | again | Ἰησοῦς | again | |||||
καναP66 · P75 | to | εἰς | to | εις | | | cana | Cana | to | ܠܩܛܢܐ | to | εἰς | to | |||||
τησP66 · P75 | <the> | τὴν | <the> | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | <the> | |||||
γαλιλαιασP66 · P75 | Cana | Κανὰ | Cana | κανα | | | basiliscus | — | — | ܕܓܠܝܠܐ | Cana | Κανᾶ | Cana | |||||
οπουP66 · P75 | <the> | τῆς | <the> | της | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῆς | <the> | |||||
εποιησενP66 · P75 | of Galilee, | Γαλιλαίας, | of Galilee, | γαλιλαιας | | | galilaeae | Galilææ | of Galilee, | ܐܝܟܐ | of Galilee, | Γαλιλαίας | of Galilee, | |||||
τοP66 · P75 | where | ὅπου | where | οπου | | | ubi | ubi | where | ܕܥܒܕ | where | ὅπου | where | |||||
υδωρP66 · P75 | He had made | ἐποίησεν | He had made | εποιησεν | | | fecit | fecit | He had made | ܡܝܐ | He had made | ἐποίησεν | He had made | |||||
οινονP66 · P75 | the | τὸ | the | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸ | the | |||||
καιP66 · P75 | water | ὕδωρ | water | ϋδωρ | | | aquam | aquam | water | — | — | ὕδωρ | water | |||||
ηνP66 · P75 | wine. | οἶνον. | wine. | οινον | | | uinum | vinum | wine. | ܚܡܪܐ | wine. | οἶνον | wine. | |||||
τισP66 · P75 | And | καὶ | And | — | | | erat | Et | And | ܘܐܝܬ | And | Καὶ | And | |||||
βασιλικοσP66 · P75 | there was | ἦν | there was | ην | | | erat | erat | there was | ܗܘܐ | there was | ἦν | there was | |||||
ουP66 · P75 | a certain | τις | a certain | τις | | | quidam | quidam | a certain | ܒܟܦܪܢܚܘܡ | a certain | τις | a certain | |||||
οP66 · P75 | royal official | βασιλικὸς | royal official | — | | | — | — | — | ܥܒܕ | royal official | βασιλικός | royal official | |||||
υιοσP66 · P75 | whose | οὗ | whose | ου | | | in | regulus | whose | ܡܠܟܐ | whose | οὗ | whose | |||||
ησθενειP66 · P75 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ενP66 · P75 | son | υἱὸς | son | ϋιος | | | cuius | cujus | son | ܚܕ | son | υἱὸς | son | |||||
καφαρναουμP66 · P75 | was sick | ἠσθένει | was sick | ησθενει | | | filius | filius | was sick | ܕܒܪܗ | was sick | ἠσθένει | was sick | |||||
ἐνP66 · P75 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | infirmus | infirmabatur | in | ܟܪܝܗ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
Καφαρναούμ.P66 · P75 | Capernaum. | Καφαρναούμ. | Capernaum. | καφαρναουμ | | | cafarnaum | Capharnaum | Capernaum. | ܗܘܐ | Capernaum. | Καπερναούμ | Capernaum. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||