The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ουδεπωP66 | not yet | οὐδέπω | not yet | ουδεπω | | | necdum | nondum | not yet | ܠܐ | not yet | οὐδέπω | not yet | |||||
γαρP66 | for | γὰρ | for | γαρ | | | enim | enim | for | ܓܝܪ | for | γὰρ | for | |||||
ηδεισανP66 | they knew | ᾔδεισαν | they knew | — | | | sciebant | sciebant | they knew | ܥܕܟܝܠ | they knew | ᾔδεισαν | they knew | |||||
τηνP66 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
γραφηνP66 | Scripture | γραφὴν | Scripture | γραφην | | | scripturam | Scripturam | Scripture | ܗܘܘ | Scripture | γραφήν | Scripture | |||||
οτιP66 | that | ὅτι | that | — | | | quia | quia | that | ܡܢ | that | ὅτι | that | |||||
διP66 | it is necessary for | δεῖ | it is necessary for | δι | | | oportet | oportebat | it is necessary for | ܟܬܒܐ | it is necessary for | δεῖ | it is necessary for | |||||
αυτονP66 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him | ܕܥܬܝܕ | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | |||||
εκP66 | out from | ἐκ | out from | εκ | | | a | a | out from | ܗܘܐ | out from | ἐκ | out from | |||||
νεκρωνP66 | the dead | νεκρῶν | the dead | νεκρων | | | mortuis | mortuis | the dead | ܠܡܩܡ | the dead | νεκρῶν | the dead | |||||
αναστηναιP66 | to rise. | ἀναστῆναι. | to rise. | αναστηναι | | | resurgere | resurgere | to rise. | ܡܢ | to rise. | ἀναστῆναι | to rise. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||