The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ταυταP5 · P66 | and | Καὶ | and | — | | | haec | Hæc | and | ܗܕܐ | and | Καὶ | and | |||||
ειπουσαP5 · P66 | These things | ταῦτα | These things | ταυτα | | | — | cum | These things | ܐܡܪܬ | These things | ταῦτα | These things | |||||
εστραφηP5 · P66 | having said | εἰποῦσα | having said | ειπουσα | | | — | dixisset | having said | — | — | εἰποῦσα | having said | |||||
εισP5 · P66 | she turned | ἐστράφη | she turned | εστραφη | | | conuersa | conversa | she turned | ܘܐܬܦܢܝܬ | she turned | ἐστράφη | she turned | |||||
ταP5 · P66 | to | εἰς | to | εις | | | est | est | to | ܠܒܤܬܪܗ | to | εἰς | to | |||||
οπισωP5 · P66 | the | τὰ | the | τα | | | dicens | — | — | — | — | τὰ | the | |||||
καιP5 · P66 | back | ὀπίσω | back | οπισω | | | retro | retrorsum | back | ܘܚܙܬ | back | ὀπίσω | back | |||||
θεωρειP5 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
τονP5 · P66 | she sees | θεωρεῖ | she sees | θεωρει | | | uidet | vidit | she sees | ܠܝܫܘܥ | she sees | θεωρεῖ | she sees | |||||
ιηνP5 · P66 | <the> | τὸν | <the> | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | <the> | |||||
εστωταP5 · P66 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | ιην | | | ihm | Jesum | Jesus | ܕܩܐܡ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦν | Jesus | |||||
καιP5 · P66 | already standing there | ἑστῶτα | already standing there | εστωτα | | | stantem | stantem | already standing there | — | — | ἑστῶτα | already standing there | |||||
ουκP5 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܠܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ηδειP5 · P66 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | nesciebat | non | not | ܝܕܥܐ | not | οὐκ | not | |||||
οτιP5 · P66 | knew | ᾔδει | knew | ηδι | | | — | sciebat | knew | ܗܘܬ | knew | ᾔδει | knew | |||||
ιησP5 · P66 | that | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | — | quia | that | — | — | ὅτι | that | |||||
εστινP5 · P66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | quoniam | — | — | — | — | Ἰησοῦς | <the> | |||||
ἸησοῦςP5 · P66 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܕܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | ἐστιν | Jesus | |||||
ἐστιν.P5 · P66 | it is. | ἐστιν. | it is. | εστιν | | | est | est | it is. | ܗܘ | it is. | ἐστιν. | it is. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||