The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | ····· | — | ϋστερον | | | nouissime | Novissime | Afterward | ܐܚܪܝܬ | Afterward | Ὕστερον | Afterward | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | δε | | | recumbentibus | recumbentibus | now | ܕܝܢ | now | ἀνακειμένοις | now | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | ανακειμενοις | | | illis | illis | when were reclining | — | — | αὐτοῖς | when were reclining | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | αυτοις | | | undecim | undecim | they | ܐܬܚܙܝ | they | τοῖς | they | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | τοις | | | illorum | — | — | — | — | ἕνδεκα | to the | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | — | | | apparuit | apparuit | eleven | ܠܚܕܥܤܪ | eleven | ἐφανερώθη | eleven | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | εφανερωθη | | | et | et | He appeared | ܟܕ | He appeared | καὶ | He appeared | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | και | | | exprobrauit | exprobravit | and | ܤܡܝܟܝܢ | and | ὠνείδισεν | and | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | ωνιδισεν | | | incredulitatem | incredulitatem | rebuked | — | — | τὴν | rebuked | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἀπιστίαν | the | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | απιστιαν | | | — | eorum | unbelief | ܘܚܤܕ | unbelief | αὐτῶν | unbelief | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | αυτων | | | et | et | of them | ܠܚܤܝܪܘܬ | of them | καὶ | of them | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | και | | | duritiam | duritiam | and | ܗܝܡܢܘܬܗܘܢ | and | σκληροκαρδίαν | and | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | σκληροκαρδιαν | | | cordis | cordis | hardness of heart | ܘܠܩܫܝܘܬ | hardness of heart | ὅτι | hardness of heart | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | οτι | | | quia | quia | because | — | — | τοῖς | because | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | τοις | | | — | — | — | — | — | θεασαμένοις | those | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | θεασαμενοις | | | his | iis | having seen | ܠܒܗܘܢ | having seen | αὐτὸν | having seen | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | αυτον | | | qui | qui | Him | ܕܠܗܢܘܢ | Him | ἐγηγερμένον | Him | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | εγηγερμενον | | | uiderant | viderant | arisen | ܕܚܙܐܘܗܝ | arisen | οὐκ | arisen | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | — | | | eum | eum | from | ܕܩܡ | from | ἐπίστευσαν | from | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | — | | | resurrexisse | resurrexisse | dead | — | — | νεκρῶν | dead | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | ουκ | | | non | non | not | ܠܐ | not | οὐκ | not | ||||||
| — | ····· | — | επιστευσαν | | | crediderant | crediderunt | believed. | ܗܝܡܢܘ | believed. | ἐπίστευσαν.¶ | believed. | ||||||
| Next Fragment: Luke 1:54 | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||