The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
απεκριθησανP60 · P66 · P90 | Answered | ἀπεκρίθησαν | Answered | απεκριθησαν | | | responderunt | Responderunt | Answered | ܐܡܪܝܢ | Answered | Ἀπεκρίθησαν | Answered | |||||
οιP60 · P66 · P90 | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | αυτω | | | ei | ei | to him | ܠܗ | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | |||||
ιουδαιοιP60 · P66 · P90 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | di | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
ημεισP60 · P66 · P90 | Jews; | Ἰουδαῖοι· | Jews; | ϊουδαιοι | | | iudęi | Judæi | Jews; | ܝܗܘܕܝܐ | Jews; | Ἰουδαῖοι | Jews; | |||||
νομονP60 · P66 · P90 | We ourselves | ἡμεῖς | We ourselves | ημις | | | nos | Nos | We ourselves | ܠܢ | We ourselves | Ἡμεῖς | We ourselves | |||||
εχομενP60 · P66 · P90 | a law | νόμον | a law | νομον | | | legem | legem | a law | ܢܡܘܤܐ | a law | νόμον | a law | |||||
καιP60 · P66 · P90 | have, | ἔχομεν, | have, | εχομεν | | | habemus | habemus | have, | ܐܝܬ | have, | ἔχομεν | have, | |||||
καταP60 · P66 · P90 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܠܢ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
τονP60 · P66 · P90 | according to | κατὰ | according to | κατα | | | secundum | secundum | according to | ܘܐܝܟ | according to | κατὰ | according to | |||||
νομονP60 · P66 · P90 | the | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
οφιλειP60 · P66 · P90 | law | νόμον | law | νομον | | | — | — | — | — | — | νόμον | law | |||||
αποθανεινP60 · P66 · P90 | of us | ἡμῶν | of us | — | | | legem | legem | of us | ܕܒܢܡܘܤܢ | of us | ἡμῶν | of us | |||||
οτιP60 · P66 · P90 | He ought | ὀφείλει | He ought | οφιλει | | | debet | debet | He ought | ܚܝܒ | He ought | ὀφείλει | He ought | |||||
υνP60 · P66 · P90 | to die, | ἀποθανεῖν, | to die, | αποθανειν | | | mori | mori | to die, | ܗܘ | to die, | ἀποθανεῖν | to die, | |||||
θυP60 · P66 · P90 | because | ὅτι | because | οτι | | | quia | quia | because | ܡܘܬܐ | because | ὅτι | because | |||||
αυτονP60 · P66 · P90 | the Son | υἱὸν | the Son | — | | | filium | Filium | the Son | ܕܥܒܕ | the Son | ἑαυτὸν | the Son | |||||
εποιησενP60 · P66 · P90 | of God | θεοῦ | of God | — | | | — | Dei | of God | ܢܦܫܗ | of God | υἱὸν | of God | |||||
ἑαυτὸνP60 · P66 · P90 | Himself | ἑαυτὸν | Himself | εαυτον | | | se | se | Himself | ܒܪܗ | Himself | θεοῦ | Himself | |||||
ἐποίησεν.¶P60 · P66 · P90 | He made. | ἐποίησεν.¶ | He made. | εποιησεν | | | fecit | fecit | He made. | ܕܐܠܗܐ | He made. | ἐποίησεν | He made. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||