The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ηνP66 | There was | Ἦν | There was | ῆν | | | erat | Erat | There was | ܐܝܬ | There was | Ἦν | There was | |||||
δεP66 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
ενP66 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | in | in | in | ܕܝܢ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
τωP66 | the | τῷ | the | — | | | erat | — | — | — | — | τῷ | the | |||||
τοπωP66 | place | τόπῳ | place | τοπω | | | loco | loco | place | ܕܘܟܬܐ | place | τόπῳ | place | |||||
οπουP66 | where | ὅπου | where | οπου | | | ubi | ubi | where | ܕܐܙܕܩܦ | where | ὅπου | where | |||||
εσταυρωθηP66 | He was crucified | ἐσταυρώθη | He was crucified | εσταυρωθη | | | crucifixus | crucifixus | He was crucified | ܒܗ | He was crucified | ἐσταυρώθη | He was crucified | |||||
κηποσP66 | a garden | κῆπος | a garden | — | | | est | est | a garden | ܝܫܘܥ | a garden | κῆπος | a garden | |||||
καιP66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | ortus | hortus | and | ܓܢܬܐ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ενP66 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | et | et | in | ܘܒܗ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
τωP66 | the | τῷ | the | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῷ | the | |||||
κηπωP66 | garden | κήπῳ | garden | κηπω | | | in | in | garden | ܒܝܬ | garden | κήπῳ | garden | |||||
μνημειονP66 | a tomb | μνημεῖον | a tomb | μνημιον | | | orto | horto | a tomb | ܩܒܘܪܐ | a tomb | μνημεῖον | a tomb | |||||
καινονP66 | new | καινὸν | new | — | | | monumentum | monumentum | new | ܚܕܬܐ | new | καινόν | new | |||||
ενP66 | in | ἐν | in | εν | | | nouum | novum | in | ܕܐܢܫ | in | ἐν | in | |||||
ωP66 | which | ᾧ | which | ῶ | | | in | in | which | ܥܕܟܝܠ | which | ᾧ | which | |||||
ουδεπωP66 | not yet | οὐδέπω | not yet | ουδεπω | | | quo | quo | not yet | ܠܐ | not yet | οὐδέπω | not yet | |||||
ουδεισP66 | no one | οὐδεὶς | no one | ουδις | | | nondum | nondum | no one | ܐܬܬܤܝܡ | no one | οὐδεὶς | no one | |||||
ηνP66 | was | ἦν | was | — | | | quisquam | quisquam | was | ܗܘܐ | was | ἐτέθη | was | |||||
τεθειμενοσP66 | already laid. | τεθειμένος. | already laid. | — | | | positus | positus | already laid. | ܒܗ | already laid. | τεθειμένος. | already laid. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||