The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ισP121 · P60 · P66 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | cum | Cum | when/with | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
ουνP121 · P60 · P66 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | uidisset | vidisset | ? | ܕܝܢ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
ιδωνP121 · P60 · P66 | having seen | ἰδὼν | having seen | εϊδων | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܚܙܐ | having seen | ἰδὼν | having seen | |||||
τηνP121 · P60 · P66 | <the> | τὴν | <the> | την | | | tuus | — | — | — | — | τὴν | <the> | |||||
μραP121 · P60 · P66 | His mother | μητέρα | His mother | μητερα | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܠܐܡܗ | His mother | μητέρα | His mother | |||||
καιP121 · P60 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | matrem | matrem | mother | — | — | καὶ | and | |||||
τονP121 · P60 · P66 | the | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
μαθητηνP121 · P60 · P66 | disciple | μαθητὴν | disciple | μαθητην | | | et | et | and | ܘܠܬܠܡܝܕܐ | disciple | μαθητὴν | disciple | |||||
παρεστωταP121 · P60 · P66 | already standing by | παρεστῶτα | already standing by | παρεστωτα | | | discipulum | discipulum | ? | ܗܘ | already standing by | παρεστῶτα | already standing by | |||||
ονP121 · P60 · P66 | whom | ὃν | whom | ον | | | — | stantem | ? | ܕܪܚܡ | whom | ὃν | whom | |||||
ηγαπαP121 · P60 · P66 | He was loving | ἠγάπα, | He was loving | ηγαπα | | | quem | quem | whom | ܗܘܐ | He was loving | ἠγάπα | He was loving | |||||
λεγειP121 · P60 · P66 | says | λέγει | says | λεγει | | | diligebat | diligebat | ? | ܕܩܐܡ | says | λέγει | says | |||||
τηP121 · P60 · P66 | to the | τῇ | to the | τη | | | — | dicit | says | — | — | τῇ | to the | |||||
μριP121 · P60 · P66 | mother | μητρί | mother | μητρι | | | dicit | matri | ? | ܘܐܡܪ | mother | μητρὶ | mother | |||||
αὐτοῦ·P121 · P60 · P66 | of him: | αὐτοῦ· | of him: | αυτου | | | matri | su | ? | — | — | αὐτοῦ | of him: | |||||
γύναι,P121 · P60 · P66 | Woman, | γύναι, | Woman, | γυναι | | | suae | Mulier | woman | ܠܐܡܗ | Woman, | Γύναι | Woman, | |||||
ἴδεP121 · P60 · P66 | behold | ἴδε | behold | ειδε | | | mulier | ecce | behold | ܐܢܬܬܐ | behold | ἰδοὺ | behold | |||||
ὁP121 · P60 · P66 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
υἱόςP121 · P60 · P66 | son | υἱός | son | ϋϊος | | | ecce | filius | son | ܗܐ | son | υἱός | son | |||||
σου.P121 · P60 · P66 | of you. | σου. | of you. | σου | | | filius | tuus | your | ܒܪܟܝ | of you. | σου | of you. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||