The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ηνP60 · P66 | It was | ἦν | It was | ῆν | | | erat | Erat | It was | ܘܥܪܘܒܬܐ | It was | ἦν | It was | |||||
δεP60 · P66 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | now | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
παρασκευηP60 · P66 | the Day of Preparation | παρασκευὴ | the Day of Preparation | παρασκευη | | | parasceue | parasceve | the Day of Preparation | ܕܦܨܚܐ | the Day of Preparation | Παρασκευὴ | the Day of Preparation | |||||
τουP60 · P66 | of the | τοῦ | of the | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | of the | |||||
πασχαP60 · P66 | Passover, | πάσχα, | Passover, | πασχα | | | paschae | Paschæ | Passover, | — | — | Πάσχα | Passover, | |||||
ωραP60 · P66 | the hour | ὥρα | the hour | ωρα | | | hora | hora | the hour | ܘܐܝܬ | the hour | ὥρα | the hour | |||||
ηνP60 · P66 | was | ἦν | was | ην | | | quasi | quasi | was | ܗܘܝ | was | δὲ | was | |||||
ωσP60 · P66 | about | ὡς | about | — | | | — | — | — | ܐܝܟ | about | ὡσεὶ | about | |||||
εκτηP60 · P66 | the sixth. | ἕκτη. | the sixth. | — | | | sexta | sexta | the sixth. | ܫܥܐ | the sixth. | ἕκτη | the sixth. | |||||
καιP60 · P66 | And | καὶ | And | και | | | et | et | And | ܫܬ | And | καὶ | And | |||||
λεγειP60 · P66 | he says | λέγει | he says | λεγει | | | dicit | dicit | he says | ܘܐܡܪ | he says | λέγει | he says | |||||
τοισP60 · P66 | to the | τοῖς | to the | τοις | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῖς | to the | |||||
ιουδαιοισP60 · P66 | Jews; | Ἰουδαίοις· | Jews; | ιουδαιοις | | | iudaeis | Judæis | Jews; | — | — | Ἰουδαίοις | Jews; | |||||
ιδεP60 · P66 | Behold | ἴδε | Behold | ϊδε | | | ecce | Ecce | Behold | ܠܝܗܘܕܝܐ | Behold | Ἴδε | Behold | |||||
οP60 · P66 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
βασιλευσP60 · P66 | king | βασιλεὺς | king | βασιλευς | | | rex | rex | king | ܗܐ | king | βασιλεὺς | king | |||||
υμωνP60 · P66 | of you! | ὑμῶν. | of you! | ϋμων | | | uester | vester | of you! | ܡܠܟܟܘܢ | of you! | ὑμῶν | of you! | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||