The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
εκP60 · P66 | Out of | ἐκ | Out of | εκ | | | caesaris | Et | Out of | ܘܡܛܠ | Out of | Ἐκ | Out of | |||||
τουτουP60 · P66 | this | τούτου | this | τουτου | | | exinde | exinde | this | ܗܕܐ | this | τούτου | this | |||||
οP60 · P66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | contradicit | — | — | — | — | ἐζήτει | <the> | |||||
πειλατοσP60 · P66 | Pilate | Πιλᾶτος | Pilate | πειλατος | | | quęrebat | quærebat | Pilate | ܨܒܐ | Pilate | ὁ | Pilate | |||||
εζητειP60 · P66 | was seeking | ἐζήτει | was seeking | — | | | pilatus | Pilatus | was seeking | ܗܘܐ | was seeking | Πιλάτος | was seeking | |||||
αυτοP60 · P66 | to release | ἀπολῦσαι | to release | απολυσαι | | | dimittere | dimittere | to release | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | to release | ἀπολῦσαι | to release | |||||
απολυσαιP60 · P66 | Him. | αὐτόν.¶ | Him. | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him. | ܕܢܫܪܝܘܗܝ | Him. | αὐτόν | Him. | |||||
οιP60 · P66 | <the> | Οἱ | <the> | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | Οἱ | <the> | |||||
δεP60 · P66 | but | δὲ | but | δε | | | iudęi | Judæi | but | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | but | |||||
ιουδαιοιP60 · P66 | the Jews | Ἰουδαῖοι | the Jews | ϊουδαιοι | | | autem | autem | the Jews | ܕܝܢ | the Jews | Ἰουδαῖοι | the Jews | |||||
εκραυγασανP60 · P66 | cried out | ἐκραύγασαν | cried out | εκραυγασαν | | | clamabant | clamabant | cried out | ܩܥܝܢ | cried out | ἔκραζον | cried out | |||||
λεγοντεσP60 · P66 | saying; | λέγοντες· | saying; | λεγοντες | | | dicentes | dicentes | saying; | ܗܘܘ | saying; | λέγοντες | saying; | |||||
εανP60 · P66 | If | ἐὰν | If | εαν | | | si | Si | If | ܕܐܢ | If | Ἐὰν | If | |||||
τουτονP60 · P66 | this man | τοῦτον | this man | τουτον | | | hunc | hunc | this man | ܠܗܢܐ | this man | τοῦτον | this man | |||||
απολυσησP60 · P66 | you shall release, | ἀπολύσῃς, | you shall release, | απολυσης | | | dimittis | dimittis | you shall release, | ܫܪܐ | you shall release, | ἀπολύσῃς | you shall release, | |||||
ουκP60 · P66 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | non | non | not | ܐܢܬ | not | οὐκ | not | |||||
ειP60 · P66 | you are | εἶ | you are | ει | | | es | es | you are | ܠܐ | you are | εἶ | you are | |||||
φιλοσP60 · P66 | a friend | φίλος | a friend | φιλος | | | amicus | amicus | a friend | ܗܘܝܬ | a friend | φίλος | a friend | |||||
τουP60 · P66 | <the> | τοῦ | <the> | του | | | — | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | <the> | |||||
καισαροσP60 · P66 | of Caesar. | Καίσαρος. | of Caesar. | καισαρος | | | — | Cæsaris | of Caesar. | ܪܚܡܗ | of Caesar. | Καίσαρος | of Caesar. | |||||
πασP60 · P66 | Everyone | πᾶς | Everyone | πας | | | omnis | Omnis | Everyone | ܕܩܤܪ | Everyone | πᾶς | Everyone | |||||
οP60 · P66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
βασιλεαP60 · P66 | a king | βασιλέα | a king | βασιλεα | | | — | enim | a king | ܟܠ | a king | βασιλέα | a king | |||||
εαυτονP60 · P66 | himself | ἑαυτὸν | himself | εαυτον | | | qui | qui | himself | ܡܢ | himself | ἑαυτὸν | himself | |||||
ποιωνP60 · P66 | making | ποιῶν | making | ποιων | | | se | se | making | ܓܝܪ | making | ποιῶν | making | |||||
αντιλεγειP60 · P66 | speaks against | ἀντιλέγει | speaks against | αντιλεγει | | | regem | regem | speaks against | ܕܢܦܫܗ | speaks against | ἀντιλέγει | speaks against | |||||
τωP60 · P66 | <the> | τῷ | <the> | τω | | | caesari | — | — | — | — | τῷ | <the> | |||||
καισαριP60 · P66 | Caesar. | Καίσαρι.¶ | Caesar. | καισαρι | | | facit | facit | Caesar. | ܡܠܟܐ | Caesar. | Καίσαρι | Caesar. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||