The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
οιP52 · P60 · P66 | Said | εἶπεν | Said | ειπεν | | | dixit | Dixit | Said | ܐܡܪ | Said | Εἶπεν | Said | |||||
ιουδαιοιP52 · P60 · P66 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܠܗܘܢ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
ημεινP52 · P60 · P66 | to them | αὐτοῖς | to them | αυτοις | | | eis | eis | to them | — | — | αὐτοῖς | to them | |||||
ουκP52 · P60 · P66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
εξεστινP52 · P60 · P66 | Pilate; | Πιλᾶτος· | Pilate; | πειλατος | | | pilatus | Pilatus | Pilate; | ܦܝܠܛܘܤ | Pilate; | Πιλάτος | Pilate; | |||||
αποκτειναιP52 · P60 · P66 | do take | λάβετε | do take | — | | | accipite | Accipite | do take | ܕܘܒܪܘܗܝ | do take | Λάβετε | do take | |||||
ουδεναP52 · P60 · P66 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him | — | — | αὐτὸν | Him | |||||
ὑμεῖςP52 · P60 · P66 | yourselves | ὑμεῖς | yourselves | ϋμεις | | | uos | vos | yourselves | ܐܢܬܘܢ | yourselves | ὑμεῖς | yourselves | |||||
καὶP52 · P60 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܕܘܢܘܗܝ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
κατὰP52 · P60 · P66 | according to | κατὰ | according to | κατα | | | secundum | secundum | according to | ܐܝܟ | according to | κατὰ | according to | |||||
τὸνP52 · P60 · P66 | the | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
νόμονP52 · P60 · P66 | law | νόμον | law | νομον | | | legem | legem | law | — | — | νόμον | law | |||||
ὑμῶνP52 · P60 · P66 | of you | ὑμῶν | of you | ϋμων | | | uestram | vestram | of you | ܢܡܘܤܟܘܢ | of you | ὑμῶν | of you | |||||
κρίνατεP52 · P60 · P66 | do judge | κρίνατε | do judge | κρινατε | | | iudicate | judicate | do judge | ܐܡܪܝܢ | do judge | κρίνατε | do judge | |||||
αὐτόν.P52 · P60 · P66 | Him. | αὐτόν. | Him. | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him. | — | — | αὐτόν | Him. | |||||
εἶπονP52 · P60 · P66 | Said | εἶπον | Said | ειπον | | | dixerunt | Dixerunt | Said | ܠܗ | Said | Εἶπον | Said | |||||
οὖνP52 · P60 · P66 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | — | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | ܝܗܘܕܝܐ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
αὐτῷP52 · P60 · P66 | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | αυτω | | | ei | ei | to him | ܠܐ | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | |||||
οἱP52 · P60 · P66 | the | οἱ | the | οι | | | — | — | — | — | — | οἱ | the | |||||
Ἰουδαῖοι·P52 · P60 · P66 | Jews; | Ἰουδαῖοι· | Jews; | ιοϋδαιοι | | | iudaei | Judæi | Jews; | — | — | Ἰουδαῖοι | Jews; | |||||
ἡμῖνP52 · P60 · P66 | To us | ἡμῖν | To us | ημιν | | | nobis | Nobis | To us | ܫܠܝܛ | To us | Ἡμῖν | To us | |||||
οὐκP52 · P60 · P66 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | non | non | not | ܠܢ | not | οὐκ | not | |||||
ἔξεστινP52 · P60 · P66 | it is permitted | ἔξεστιν | it is permitted | εξεστιν | | | licet | licet | it is permitted | — | — | ἔξεστιν | it is permitted | |||||
ἀποκτεῖναιP52 · P60 · P66 | to put to death | ἀποκτεῖναι | to put to death | αποκτειναι | | | interficere | interficere | to put to death | ܠܡܩܛܠ | to put to death | ἀποκτεῖναι | to put to death | |||||
οὐδένα·P52 · P60 · P66 | no one; | οὐδένα· | no one; | ουδενα | | | quenquam | quemquam | no one; | ܠܐܢܫ | no one; | οὐδένα | no one; | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||