Source data

Greek New Testament: Center for New Testament Restoration (CNTR), greekcntr.org · Robinson-Pierpont Byzantine Textform (2018), byzantinetext.com

Latin: Clementine Vulgate (1592, public domain)

Syriac: Peshitta (BFBS 1905, public domain)

English glosses: Tyndale House Cambridge STEP Bible (TAGNT) · Whitaker's Words (William Whitaker, public domain) · A Compendious Syriac Dictionary (Jessie Payne Smith, 1903, public domain)

License

Urevangelium is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0). Source data acquired from the Center for New Testament Restoration is incorporated under its CC BY-SA 4.0 license; this project honors the ShareAlike obligation by releasing all derivative alignment data under the same terms. You are free to share and adapt this work, including for commercial use, provided you give appropriate credit and license your derivative work under the same terms.

© 2026 Urevangelium

Urevangelium

ur-eh-van-GAY-lee-um · the original Gospel

The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward

MatthewMarkLukeJohn

John 18:31

← Prev Book← Prev Chapter← Prev VerseChapterVerseNext Verse →Next Chapter →Next Book →
Greek PapyriCopticAlexandrianLatinWesternSyriacByzantine
Earliest Papyri
c. 125–250 AD · Greek
TAGNT
Sahidic
c. 250–300 AD · Coptic
Horner
Vaticanus
c. 175–325 AD · Greek
TAGNT
Vulgate
c. 150–383 AD · Latin
Whitaker
Bezae
c. 150–400 AD · Greek/Latin
Latin
Peshitta
c. 170–400 AD · Syriac
PayneSmith
Byzantine
c. 300–500 AD · Greek
TAGNT
οιP52 · P60 · P66
SaidⲡⲉϫⲁϥsayεἶπενSaidDixitSaidειπεν|dixitܐܡܪSaidΕἶπενSaid
ιουδαιοιP52 · P60 · P66
therefore——οὖνthereforeergothereforeουν|ergoܠܗܘܢthereforeοὖνtherefore
ημεινP52 · P60 · P66
to themⲇⲉandαὐτοῖςto themeisto themαυτοις|eis——αὐτοῖςto them
ουκP52 · P60 · P66
<the>ⲕⲁⲧⲁⲡⲉⲧⲛⲛⲟⲙⲟⲥ<the>ὁ<the>——ο|———ὁ<the>
εξεστινP52 · P60 · P66
Pilate;ⲛϭⲓⲡⲓⲗⲁⲧⲟⲥPilate;Πιλᾶτος·Pilate;PilatusPilate;πειλατος|pilatusܦܝܠܛܘܤPilate;ΠιλάτοςPilate;
αποκτειναιP52 · P60 · P66
do takeⲛⲁⲩmyλάβετεdo takeAccipitedo take—|accipiteܕܘܒܪܘܗܝdo takeΛάβετεdo take
ουδεναP52 · P60 · P66
HimϫⲉϫⲓⲧϥreceiveαὐτὸνHimeumHimαυτον|eum——αὐτὸνHim
υμειςP60 · P66
yourselvesⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛyouὑμεῖςyourselvesvosyourselvesϋμεις|uosܐܢܬܘܢyourselvesὑμεῖςyourselves
καιP60 · P66
and——καὶandetandκαι|etܘܕܘܢܘܗܝandκαὶand
καταP60 · P66
according toⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛⲕⲣⲓⲛⲉto judgeκατὰaccording tosecundumaccording toκατα|secundumܐܝܟaccording toκατὰaccording to
τονP60 · P66
the——τὸνthe——τον|———τὸνthe
νομονP60 · P66
lawⲙⲙⲟϥourνόμονlawlegemlawνομον|legem——νόμονlaw
υμωνP60 · P66
of youⲡⲉϫⲁⲩsayὑμῶνof youvestramof youϋμων|uestramܢܡܘܤܟܘܢof youὑμῶνof you
κρινατεP60 · P66
do judgeⲛⲁϥmyκρίνατεdo judgejudicatedo judgeκρινατε|iudicateܐܡܪܝܢdo judgeκρίνατεdo judge
αυτον.P60 · P66
Him.ⲛϭⲓⲛⲓⲟⲩⲇⲁⲓJewαὐτόν.Him.eumHim.αυτον|eum——αὐτόνHim.
ειπονP60 · P66
SaidϫⲉⲟⲩⲕspatheεἶπονSaidDixeruntSaidειπον|dixeruntܠܗSaidΕἶπονSaid
ουνP60 · P66
therefore——οὖνthereforeergotherefore—|ergoܝܗܘܕܝܐthereforeοὖνtherefore
αυτωP60 · P66
to himⲛⲁⲛmyαὐτῷto himeito himαυτω|eiܠܐto himαὐτῷto him
οιP60 · P66
theⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧkillοἱthe——οι|———οἱthe
ιουδαιοι·P60 · P66
Jews;ⲗⲁⲁⲩa textile materialἸουδαῖοι·Jews;JudæiJews;ιοϋδαιοι|iudaei——ἸουδαῖοιJews;
ημινP60 · P66
To usἡμῖνTo usNobisTo usημιν|nobisܫܠܝܛTo usἩμῖνTo us
ουκP60 · P66
notοὐκnotnonnotουκ|nonܠܢnotοὐκnot
εξεστινP60 · P66
it is permittedⲉⲝⲉⲥⲧⲓit is permittedἔξεστινit is permittedlicetit is permittedεξεστιν|licet——ἔξεστινit is permitted
αποκτειναιP60 · P66
to put to deathἀποκτεῖναιto put to deathinterficereto put to deathαποκτειναι|interficereܠܡܩܛܠto put to deathἀποκτεῖναιto put to death
ουδενα·P60 · P66
no one;οὐδένα·no one;quemquamno one;ουδενα|quenquamܠܐܢܫno one;οὐδέναno one;
See 65 Earliest PapyriNext Verse Available
Trace Your New Testament Back to the Gospel Sources
100200300400500600700800900100011001200130014001500160017001800190020002025Reformation / printed edition zoomModern translation zoomTradition Origins · 1st – 14th Century ADAlexandrian / proto-Alexandrian streamWestern textual streamBezae witnessesByzantine standard traditionfrom Alexandrian-type Greekc. 252 ADGreek manuscript correctionc. 383 ADGreek Papyric. 125–250 ADSahidic NTc. 300 ADVaticanusc. 325 ADOld Latin / Vetus LatinaLatin revision baseVulgate383 ADBezaec. 400 ADOld Syriac traditionSyriac standardizationPeshittac. 400 ADByzantinec. 500 ADSahidic dominantBohairic NTdominant c. 1000+c. 400–500:major uncials copiedafter 600:minority Greek streamc. 1400s:humanist returnto Greek MSSc. 500–700:Old Latin persistsafter 500: Westernin select witnessesc. 600–1300:Peshitta standard textc. 500–800:Byzantine expandsc. 800–900:minuscule copyingc. 900–1300:majority traditionCarolingianrevision · c. 800 ADParis Biblec. 1220–1230 ADPhiloxenianrevision · 508 ADHarkleanrevision · 616 ADTranslation Genealogy1350 CE to PresentTextus Receptus TraditionCoptic witnessesinform critical editionsWestern witnessesinform variant decisionsWycliffe1382Erasmus1516Tyndale1526Stephanus1550Geneva1560Beza1565Bishops'1568Douay-Rheims1582Clementine1592KJV1611Elzevir1633Challoner1749Westcott-Hort1881Revised Version1881Nestle-Aland1898ASV1901BFBS Peshitta1905RSV1952Good News1966Jerusalem1966NASB1971Stuttgart Vulgate1969NIV1978NKJV1982NRSV1989NLT1996WEB2000ESV2001The Message2002NET2005Robinson-Pierpont2005NABRE2011CSB2017LSB2021Line keyTradition beginningTradition streamFading traditionPre-witness periodTranslation / revisionTextual influenceEdition traditionGutenberg Bibleprinted Vulgate c. 1455ComplutensianNT printed 1514 · pub. 1522