The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
απεκριθηP60 · P66 | Answered | ἀπεκρίθη | Answered | απεκριθη | | | respondit | Respondit | Answered | ܥܢܐ | Answered | Ἀπεκρίθη | Answered | |||||
αυτωP60 · P66 | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | αυτω | | | ei | ei | to him | ܝܫܘܥ | to him | αὐτῷ | to him | |||||
ισP60 · P66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | ihs | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ειP60 · P66 | Jesus; | Ἰησοῦς· | Jesus; | — | | | si | Si | Jesus; | ܘܐܡܪ | Jesus; | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus; | |||||
κακωσP60 · P66 | If | εἰ | If | ει | | | male | male | If | ܠܗ | If | Εἰ | If | |||||
ελαλησαP60 · P66 | evil | κακῶς | evil | κακως | | | locutus | locutus | evil | ܐܢ | evil | κακῶς | evil | |||||
μαρτυρησονP60 · P66 | I spoke, | ἐλάλησα, | I spoke, | ελαλησα | | | sum | sum | I spoke, | ܒܝܫܐܝܬ | I spoke, | ἐλάλησα | I spoke, | |||||
περιP60 · P66 | do bear witness | μαρτύρησον | do bear witness | μαρτυρησον | | | testimonium | testimonium | do bear witness | ܡܠܠܬ | do bear witness | μαρτύρησον | do bear witness | |||||
τουP60 · P66 | concerning | περὶ | concerning | περι | | | perhibeo | perhibe | concerning | ܐܤܗܕ | concerning | περὶ | concerning | |||||
κακουP60 · P66 | the | τοῦ | the | του | | | de | — | — | — | — | τοῦ | the | |||||
ειP60 · P66 | evil; | κακοῦ· | evil; | κακου | | | malo | malo | evil; | ܥܠ | evil; | κακοῦ | evil; | |||||
δεP60 · P66 | if | εἰ | if | ει | | | si | si | if | ܒܝܫܬܐ | if | εἰ | if | |||||
καλωσP60 · P66 | however | δὲ | however | δε | | | autem | autem | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | |||||
τιP60 · P66 | rightly, | καλῶς, | rightly, | καλως | | | bene | bene | rightly, | ܕܝܢ | rightly, | καλῶς | rightly, | |||||
μεP60 · P66 | why | τί | why | τι | | | quid | quid | why | ܫܦܝܪ | why | τί | why | |||||
δερεισP60 · P66 | Me | με | Me | με | | | me | me | Me | ܠܡܢܐ | Me | με | Me | |||||
δέρεις;¶P60 · P66 | strike you? | δέρεις;¶ | strike you? | δερεις | | | caedis | cædis | strike you? | ܡܚܝܬܢܝ | strike you? | δέρεις | strike you? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||