The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ηδειP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | Knew | ἤιδει | Knew | — | | | sciebat | Sciebat | ? | ܝܕܥ | Knew | ᾜδει | Knew | |||||
δεP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | now | δὲ | now | δε | | | autem | autem | but/however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | now | |||||
καιP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | also | καὶ | also | και | | | et | et | and | ܕܝܢ | also | καὶ | also | |||||
ιουδασP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | Judas | Ἰούδας | Judas | ϊουδας | | | iudas | Judas | ? | ܐܦ | Judas | Ἰούδας | Judas | |||||
οP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | who | ὁ | who | ο | | | suis | — | — | — | — | ὁ | who | |||||
παραδιδουσP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | is delivering up | παραδιδοὺς | is delivering up | — | | | qui | qui | who/which | ܝܗܘܕܐ | is delivering up | παραδιδοὺς | is delivering up | |||||
αυτονP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | tradebat | tradebat | ? | ܡܫܠܡܢܐ | Him | αὐτόν | Him | |||||
τονP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | the | τὸν | the | τον | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
τοπονP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | place, | τόπον, | place, | τοπον | | | eum | locum | ? | ܠܕܘܟܬܐ | place, | τόπον | place, | |||||
οτιP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | because | ὅτι | because | οτι | | | locum | quia | because/that | ܗܝ | because | ὅτι | because | |||||
πολλακισP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | often | πολλάκις | often | πολλακις | | | quia | frequenter | ? | ܡܛܠ | often | πολλάκις | often | |||||
συνηχθηP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | gathered together | συνήχθη | gathered together | συνηχθη | | | frequenter | Jesus | Jesus | ܕܤܓܝ | gathered together | συνήχθη | gathered together | |||||
οP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | — | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
ιησP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | convenerat | ? | ܙܒܢܐ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
εκειP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | there | ἐκεῖ | there | εκει | | | conuerat | illuc | ? | ܟܢܫ | there | ἐκεῖ | there | |||||
μεταP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | with | μετὰ | with | μετα | | | illuc | cum | when/with | ܗܘܐ | with | μετὰ | with | |||||
τωνP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | the | τῶν | the | των | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῶν | the | |||||
μαθητωνP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | disciples | μαθητῶν | disciples | μαθητων | | | cum | discipulis | ? | ܬܡܢ | disciples | μαθητῶν | disciples | |||||
αυτουP108 · P59 · P60 · P66 | of Him. | αὐτοῦ.¶ | of Him. | αυτου | | | discipulis | suis | ? | ܝܫܘܥ | of Him. | αὐτοῦ | of Him. | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||