The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ειπενP60 · P66 | Said | Εἶπεν | Said | ειπεν | | | dixit | Dixit | said | ܘܐܡܪ | Said | Εἶπεν | Said | |||||
ουνP60 · P66 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | ergo | therefore | — | — | οὖν | therefore | |||||
ισP60 · P66 | <the> | ὁ | <the> | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | <the> | |||||
τωP60 · P66 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
πετρωP60 · P66 | <the> | τῷ | <the> | τω | | | — | — | — | — | — | τῷ | <the> | |||||
βαλεP60 · P66 | to Peter; | Πέτρῳ· | to Peter; | πετρω | | | petro | Petro | ? | ܠܟܐܦܐ | to Peter; | Πέτρῳ | to Peter; | |||||
τηνP60 · P66 | do put | βάλε | do put | βαλε | | | mitte | Mitte | ? | — | — | Βάλε | do put | |||||
μαχαιρανP60 · P66 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
εισP60 · P66 | sword | μάχαιραν | sword | μαχαιραν | | | gladium | gladium | ? | ܤܝܡ | sword | μάχαιραν | sword | |||||
τηνP60 · P66 | of you | σου | of you | — | | | — | tuum | your | ܤܦܤܪܐ | of you | εἰς | of you | |||||
θηκηνP60 · P66 | into | εἰς | into | εις | | | in | in | in | — | — | τὴν | into | |||||
τοP60 · P66 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | θήκην | the | |||||
ποτηριονP60 · P66 | sheath. | θήκην. | sheath. | θηκην | | | — | vaginam | ? | ܒܚܠܬܗ | sheath. | τὸ | sheath. | |||||
οP60 · P66 | The | τὸ | The | το | | | — | — | — | — | — | ποτήριον | The | |||||
δεδωκενP60 · P66 | cup | ποτήριον | cup | ποτηριον | | | uaginam | Calicem | ? | ܟܤܐ | cup | ὃ | cup | |||||
μοιP60 · P66 | which | ὃ | which | ο | | | calicem | — | — | — | — | δέδωκέν | which | |||||
οP60 · P66 | has given | δέδωκέν | has given | — | | | quem | quem | whom | ܕܝܗܒ | has given | μοι | has given | |||||
πηρP60 · P66 | Me | μοι | Me | μοι | | | dedit | dedit | gave | ܠܝ | Me | ὁ | Me | |||||
μουP60 · P66 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | πατήρ | the | |||||
ουP60 · P66 | Father | πατὴρ | Father | πατηρ | | | mihi | mihi | ? | — | — | οὐ | Father | |||||
μηP60 · P66 | certainly | οὐ | certainly | ου | | | pater | Pater | father | ܐܒܝ | certainly | μὴ | certainly | |||||
πιωP60 · P66 | surely | μὴ | surely | μη | | | non | non | not | ܠܐ | surely | πίω | surely | |||||
αυτοP60 · P66 | shall I drink | πίω | shall I drink | πιω | | | bibam | bibam | ? | — | — | αὐτό | shall I drink | |||||
αὐτό;¶P60 · P66 | it? | αὐτό;¶ | it? | αυτο | | | illum | illum | him | ܐܫܬܝܘܗܝ | it? | αὐτό;¶ | it? | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||