The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
περP59 · P60 · P66 | Father | πάτερ | Father | πατερ | | | pater | Pater | Father | ܐܒܝ | Father | Πάτερ | Father | |||||
δικαιεP59 · P60 · P66 | righteous, | δίκαιε, | righteous, | δικαιε | | | sancte | juste | righteous, | — | — | δίκαιε | righteous, | |||||
καιP59 · P60 · P66 | although | καὶ | although | — | | | mundus | mundus | although | ܟܐܢܐ | although | καὶ | although | |||||
οP59 · P60 · P66 | the | ὁ | the | ο | | | — | — | — | — | — | ὁ | the | |||||
κοσμοσP59 · P60 · P66 | world | κόσμος | world | κοσμος | | | te | te | world | ܘܥܠܡܐ | world | κόσμος | world | |||||
σεP59 · P60 · P66 | You | σε | You | σε | | | non | non | You | — | — | σε | You | |||||
ουκP59 · P60 · P66 | not | οὐκ | not | ουκ | | | cognouit | cognovit | not | ܠܐ | not | οὐκ | not | |||||
εγνωP59 · P60 · P66 | has known, | ἔγνω, | has known, | εγνω | | | ego | ego | has known, | ܝܕܥܟ | has known, | ἔγνω | has known, | |||||
εγωP59 · P60 · P66 | I myself | ἐγὼ | I myself | εγω | | | autem | autem | I myself | — | — | ἐγὼ | I myself | |||||
δεP59 · P60 · P66 | now | δέ | now | δε | | | isti | — | — | ܕܝܢ | but | δέ | now | |||||
σεP59 · P60 · P66 | You | σε | You | σε | | | te | te | You | ܕܝܢ | You | σε | You | |||||
εγνωνP59 · P60 · P66 | have known, | ἔγνων, | have known, | — | | | cognoui | cognovi | have known, | — | — | ἔγνων | have known, | |||||
καιP59 · P60 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܝܕܥܬܟ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ουτοιP59 · P60 · P66 | these | οὗτοι | these | ουτοι | | | hic | hi | these | ܘܗܢܘܢ | these | οὗτοι | these | |||||
εγνωσανP59 · P60 · P66 | have known | ἔγνωσαν | have known | εγνωσαν | | | cognouerunt | cognoverunt | have known | — | — | ἔγνωσαν | have known | |||||
οτιP59 · P60 · P66 | that | ὅτι | that | οτι | | | quoniam | quia | that | ܝܕܥܘ | that | ὅτι | that | |||||
συP59 · P60 · P66 | You yourself | σύ | You yourself | συ | | | tu | tu | You yourself | ܕܐܢܬ | You yourself | σύ | You yourself | |||||
μεP59 · P60 · P66 | Me | με | Me | με | | | me | me | Me | — | — | με | Me | |||||
απεστειλασP59 · P60 · P66 | sent; | ἀπέστειλας· | sent; | απεστειλας | | | misisti | misisti | sent; | ܫܕܪܬܢܝ | sent; | ἀπέστειλας | sent; | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||