The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
| — | περὶ | concerning | περι | | | de | De | concerning | ܥܠ | concerning | περὶ | concerning | ||||||
| — | ἁμαρτίας | sin | αμαρτειας | | | peccato | peccato | sin | — | — | ἁμαρτίας | sin | ||||||
| — | μέν, | indeed, | μεν | | | quidem | quidem | indeed, | ܚܛܝܬܐ | indeed, | μέν | indeed, | ||||||
| — | ὅτι | because | οτι | | | quoniam | quia | because | — | — | ὅτι | because | ||||||
| — | οὐ | not | ου | | | non | non | not | ܕܠܐ | not | οὐ | not | ||||||
| — | πιστεύουσιν | do they believe | πιστευουσιν | | | credunt | crediderunt | do they believe | ܡܗܝܡܢܝܢ | do they believe | πιστεύουσιν | do they believe | ||||||
| — | εἰς | in | εις | | | in | in | in | — | — | εἰς | in | ||||||
| — | ἐμέ· | Me myself; | εμε | | | me | me | Me myself; | ܒܝ | Me myself; | ἐμέ | Me myself; | ||||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||