The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
καιP22 · P5 · P66 | Also | Καὶ | Also | και | | | et | Et | Also | ܐܦ | Also | Καὶ | Also | |||||
υμεισP22 · P5 · P66 | you yourselves | ὑμεῖς | you yourselves | ϋμεις | | | uos | vos | you yourselves | — | — | ὑμεῖς | you yourselves | |||||
ουνP22 · P5 · P66 | therefore | οὖν | therefore | ουν | | | ergo | igitur | therefore | ܐܢܬܘܢ | therefore | οὖν | therefore | |||||
νυνP22 · P5 · P66 | now | νῦν | now | νυν | | | nunc | nunc | now | ܗܫܐ | now | λύπην | now | |||||
μενP22 · P5 · P66 | indeed | μὲν | indeed | μεν | | | quidem | quidem | indeed | — | — | μὲν | indeed | |||||
λυπηνP22 · P5 · P66 | grief | λύπην | grief | λυπην | | | tristitiam | tristitiam | grief | ܟܪܝܐ | grief | νῦν | grief | |||||
εχετεP22 · P5 · P66 | have, | ἔχετε, | have, | — | | | habebitis | habetis | have, | ܠܟܘܢ | have, | ἔχετε | have, | |||||
παλινP22 · P5 · P66 | again | πάλιν | again | παλιν | | | iterum | iterum | again | — | — | πάλιν | again | |||||
δεP22 · P5 · P66 | however | δὲ | however | δε | | | autem | autem | however | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | however | |||||
οψομαιP22 · P5 · P66 | I will see | ὄψομαι | I will see | οψομαι | | | uideuo | videbo | I will see | ܕܝܢ | I will see | ὄψομαι | I will see | |||||
υμασP22 · P5 · P66 | you | ὑμᾶς | you | ϋμας | | | uos | vos | you | — | — | ὑμᾶς | you | |||||
καιP22 · P5 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܐܚܙܝܟܘܢ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
χαρησεταιP22 · P5 · P66 | will rejoice | χαρήσεται | will rejoice | χαρησεται | | | gaudebit | gaudebit | will rejoice | ܘܢܚܕܐ | will rejoice | χαρήσεται | will rejoice | |||||
υμωνP22 · P5 · P66 | your | ὑμῶν | your | ϋμων | | | cor | cor | your | — | — | ὑμῶν | your | |||||
ηP22 · P5 · P66 | <the> | ἡ | <the> | η | | | — | — | — | — | — | ἡ | <the> | |||||
καρδιαP22 · P5 · P66 | heart, | καρδία, | heart, | καρδια | | | uestrum | vestrum | heart, | ܠܒܟܘܢ | heart, | καρδία | heart, | |||||
καιP22 · P5 · P66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܚܕܘܬܟܘܢ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
τηνP22 · P5 · P66 | the | τὴν | the | την | | | — | — | — | — | — | τὴν | the | |||||
χαρανP22 · P5 · P66 | joy | χαρὰν | joy | χαραν | | | gaudium | gaudium | joy | — | — | χαρὰν | joy | |||||
υμωνP22 · P5 · P66 | of you | ὑμῶν | of you | ϋμων | | | uestrum | vestrum | of you | ܠܐ | of you | ὑμῶν | of you | |||||
ουδεισP22 · P5 · P66 | no one | οὐδεὶς | no one | ουδεις | | | nemo | nemo | no one | ܐܢܫ | no one | οὐδεὶς | no one | |||||
αιρειP22 · P5 · P66 | do take | αἴρει | do take | — | | | tollet | tollet | do take | — | — | αἴρει | do take | |||||
αφP22 · P5 · P66 | from | ἀφ᾽ | from | αφ | | | a | a | from | ܢܤܒ | from | ἀφ’ | from | |||||
υμωνP22 · P5 · P66 | you, | ὑμῶν, | you, | ϋμων | | | uobis | vobis | you, | ܡܢܟܘܢ | you, | ὑμῶν | you, | |||||
| Next Verse Available | |||||||||||||||||
| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||