The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ειP66 | If | εἰ | If | ει | | | si | Si | If | ܐܠܘ | If | Εἰ | If | |||||
εγνωκαταιP66 | you have known | ἐγνώκατέ | you have known | εγνωκατε | | | cognouistis | cognovissetis | you have known | ܠܝ | you have known | ἐγνώκειτέ | you have known | |||||
μεP66 | Me, | με, | Me, | — | | | me | me | Me, | ܝܕܥܝܢ | Me, | με | Me, | |||||
καιP66 | also | καὶ | also | και | | | et | et | also | ܗܘܝܬܘܢ | also | καὶ | also | |||||
τονP66 | the | τὸν | the | τον | | | scietis | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the | |||||
πραP66 | Father | πατέρα | Father | πατερα | | | patrem | Patrem | Father | — | — | πατέρα | Father | |||||
μουP66 | of Mine | μου | of Mine | μου | | | meum | meum | of Mine | ܐܦ | of Mine | μου | of Mine | |||||
γνωσεσθεP66 | then | ἂν | then | — | | | — | utique | then | ܠܐܒܝ | then | ἐγνώκειτε | then | |||||
καιP66 | you will know; | γνώσεσθε· | you will know; | — | | | — | — | — | ܝܕܥܝܢ | you will know; | ἄν | you will know; | |||||
απP66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | — | cognovissetis | and | ܗܘܝܬܘܢ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
αρτιP66 | from | ἀπ᾽ | from | απ | | | et | et | from | ܘܡܢ | from | ἀπ’ | from | |||||
γινωσκεταιP66 | now | ἄρτι | now | αρτι | | | amodo | amodo | now | ܗܫܐ | now | ἄρτι | now | |||||
αυτονP66 | you know | γινώσκετε | you know | γεινωσκετε | | | cognoscite | cognoscetis | you know | — | — | γινώσκετε | you know | |||||
καιP66 | Him | αὐτὸν | Him | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him | ܝܕܥܝܢ | Him | αὐτόν | Him | |||||
εωρακαταιP66 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܐܢܬܘܢ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
αυτονP66 | you have seen | ἑωράκατε | you have seen | εωρακατε | | | uidistis | vidistis | you have seen | ܠܗ | you have seen | ἑωράκατε | you have seen | |||||
αὐτόν.P66 | Him. | αὐτόν. | Him. | αυτον | | | eum | eum | Him. | ܘܚܙܝܬܘܢܝܗܝ | Him. | αὐτόν | Him. | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||