The Gospels across their earliest witnesses, and the tradition they carried forward
Hover any Greek or Syriac word for phonetic transliteration.
Six manuscript witness columns span the table; their descent flows into the timeline below.
| Greek Papyri | Alexandrian | Western | Latin | Syriac | Byzantine | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earliest Papyri c. 125–250 CE · Greek TAGNT | Vaticanus c. 325 CE · Greek TAGNT | Bezae c. 400 CE · Greek Latin | Vulgate c. 400 CE · Latin Whitaker | Peshitta c. 400–450 CE · Syriac PayneSmith | Byzantine c. 5th–9th c. · Greek TAGNT | ||||||||||||
ισP66 · P75 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | — | | | ihs | Jesus | Jesus | ܝܫܘܥ | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | |||||
δεP66 · P75 | then | δὲ | then | — | | | ergo | autem | then | ܕܝܢ | but | δὲ | then | |||||
εκραξενP66 · P75 | cried out | ἔκραξεν | cried out | — | | | clamabat | clamavit | cried out | ܩܥܐ | cried out | ἔκραξεν | cried out | |||||
καιP66 · P75 | and | καὶ | and | και | | | et | et | and | ܘܐܡܪ | and | καὶ | and | |||||
ειπενP66 · P75 | said; | εἶπεν· | said; | — | | | dicebat | dixit | said; | — | — | εἶπεν | said; | |||||
οP66 · P75 | The one | ὁ | The one | ο | | | qui | — | — | — | — | Ὁ | The one | |||||
πιστευωνP66 · P75 | believing | πιστεύων | believing | πιστευων | | | credit | credit | believing | ܡܢ | believing | πιστεύων | believing | |||||
εισP66 · P75 | in | εἰς | in | εις | | | in | in | in | ܕܡܗܝܡܢ | in | εἰς | in | |||||
εμεP66 · P75 | Me myself | ἐμὲ | Me myself | εμε | | | me | me | Me myself | ܒܝ | Me myself | ἐμέ | Me myself | |||||
ουP66 · P75 | not | οὐ | not | ου | | | non | non | not | ܠܐ | not | οὐ | not | |||||
πιστευειP66 · P75 | he believes | πιστεύει | he believes | πιστευει | | | credit | credit | he believes | ܗܘܐ | he believes | πιστεύει | he believes | |||||
εισP66 · P75 | in | εἰς | in | εις | | | in | in | in | ܒܝ | in | εἰς | in | |||||
εμεP66 · P75 | Me myself | ἐμὲ | Me myself | εμε | | | me | me | Me myself | — | — | ἐμέ | Me myself | |||||
αλλP66 · P75 | but | ἀλλ᾽ | but | — | | | sed | sed | but | ܡܗܝܡܢ | but | ἀλλ’ | but | |||||
εισP66 · P75 | in | εἰς | in | εις | | | in | in | in | ܐܠܐ | in | εἰς | in | |||||
τονP66 · P75 | the One | τὸν | the One | τον | | | eum | — | — | — | — | τὸν | the One | |||||
πεμψανταP66 · P75 | having sent | πέμψαντά | having sent | πεμψαντα | | | qui | qui | having sent | ܒܡܢ | having sent | πέμψαντά | having sent | |||||
μεP66 · P75 | Me; | με· | Me; | με | | | misit | misit | Me; | ܕܫܕܪܢܝ | Me; | με | Me; | |||||
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| See 65 Earliest Papyri | |||||||||||||||||